Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34627890›Full record

ArticleThe Science of the total environment2022

Sodium hypochlorite disinfection of SARS-CoV-2 spiked in water and municipal wastewater.

Justin Greaves, Robert J Fischer, Marlee Shaffer, Aaron Bivins, Myndi G Holbrook, Vincent J Munster, Kyle Bibby

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Science of the total environment, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in Water by Chlorination.Food and environmental virology · 2023
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. COVID-19 and Water Variables: Review and Scientometric Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Justin GreavesDepartment of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
Robert J FischerLaboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories (RML), National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.
Marlee ShafferDepartment of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
Aaron BivinsDepartment of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
Myndi G HolbrookLaboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories (RML), National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.
Vincent J MunsterLaboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories (RML), National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.
Kyle BibbyDepartment of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA. Electronic address: KBibby@ND.edu.
University of Notre Dame · USNational Institutes of Health · US

Funding

Virus Ecology UnitZIAAI001179 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI MUNSTER, VINCENT · 2013 to 2025
$24.3M
Virus Ecology Unit - COVID-19 responseZIAAI001289 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI MUNSTER, VINCENT · 2020 to 2025
$4.7M
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA AI001179
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has the potential to be collected in wastewater from mucus, sputum, and feces of infected individuals, raising questions about the appropriate handling and treatment of the resulting wastewater. Current evidence indicates the likelihood of waterborne SARS-CoV-2 transmission is low; nonetheless, confirming the efficacy of disinfection against SARS-CoV-2 is prudent to ensure multiple barriers of protection for infectious SARS-CoV-2 that could be present in municipal and hospital wastewater. Sodium hypochlorite (free chlorine) is widely used for pathogen control in water disinfection applications. In the current study, we investigated the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in DI water and municipal wastewater primary influent by sodium hypochlorite (free chlorine) addition. Our results showed rapid disinfection of SARS-CoV-2, with less than 1 mg-min/L required for >3 log

Indexed as

COVID-19WastewaterDisinfectionHumansSARS-CoV-2Sodium HypochloriteWaterSodium HypochloriteWastewaterWaterCOVID-19DisinfectionPersistenceSARS-CoV-2WastewaterWater qualityWater treatment

Identifiers

PMID34627890
PMCPMC8497957
OpenAlexW3205579505

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.