ArticleCognitive research: principles and implications2021
Ethnoracial disparities in cognition are associated with multiple socioeconomic status-stress pathways.
Article in Cognitive research: principles and implications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Depressive symptoms but not chronic stress mediate the link between income and cognition in Latino and Black older adults: findings from the Health and Aging Brain Study-Health Disparities.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Associations of social and genetic background variables to neuro-cognitive biomarkers of psychosis.Biomarkers in neuropsychiatry · 2025Article
- The Effects of Moderate-Intensity Physical Exercise and Yoga Interventions on Stress in Hispanic College Students: A Pilot Study.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Modeling the importance of life exposure factors on memory performance in diverse older adults: A machine learning approach.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Executive functioning is linked to feeding practices and food insecurity in Head Start mothers.Appetite · 2025Article
- Separating neurocognitive mechanisms of maintenance and compensation to support financial ability in middle-aged and older adults: The role of language and the inferior frontal gyrus.Archives of gerontology and geriatrics · 2025Article
- Sex Differences for Social Determinants Associated with Lewy Body Dementia Onset and Diagnosis.Neuro-degenerative diseases · 2025Article
- Interactive Relations of Body Mass Index, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Sex to Cognitive Function in Older Adults.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2024Article
- Racial and ethnic disparities in social isolation and 11-year dementia risk among older adults in the United States.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2024Article
- Racial differences in the effect of verbal and nonverbal memory on concrete planning for future care needs among older adults: a multi-group structural equation modeling approach.Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition · 2024Article
- An Early and Unequal Decline: Life Course Trajectories of Cognitive Aging in the United States.Journal of aging and health · 2024Article
- Key Findings from Mental Health Research During the Menopause Transition for Racially and Ethnically Minoritized Women Living in the United States: A Scoping Review.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2024Article
- The absence of formal work experience may affect the rate of cognitive decline in older adult women: findings from the health and retirement study.Frontiers in global women's health · 2024Article
- The Association of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status with Executive Function and Processing Speed in Cognitively Normal Mexican American Elders from the Health and Aging Brains Study: Health Disparities Cohort.Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders · 2024Article
- Prevalence and modifiable risk factors for dementia in persons with intellectual disabilities.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2023Article
- Associations between socioeconomic gradients and racial disparities in preadolescent brain outcomes.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- Direct and Indirect Effects of Socioeconomic Status and Discrimination on Subjective Cognitive Decline: A Longitudinal Study of African American Women.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2023Article
- Cognitive differences across ethnoracial category, socioeconomic status across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum: Can an ability discrepancy score level the playing field?Memory & cognition · 2023Article
- Resilience resources may buffer some middle-aged and older Black Americans from memory decline despite experiencing discrimination.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Systemic racism can have broad impacts on health in ethnoracial minorities. One way is by suppressing socioeconomic status (SES) levels through barriers to achieve higher income, wealth, and educational attainment. Additionally, the weathering hypothesis proposes that the various stressful adversities faced by ethnoracial minorities lead to greater wear and tear on the body, known as allostatic load. In the present study, we extend these ideas to cognitive health in a tri-ethnic sample of young adults-when cognition and brain health is arguably at their peak. Specifically, we tested competing mediation models that might shed light on how two key factors caused by systemic racism-SES and perceived stress-intersect to explain ethnoracial disparities in cognition. We found evidence for partial mediation via a pathway from SES to stress on episodic memory, working memory capacity, and executive function in Black Americans relative to non-Hispanic White Americans. Additionally, we found that stress partially mediated the ethnoracial disparities in working memory updating for lower SES Black and Hispanic Americans relative to non-Hispanic White Americans, showing that higher SES can sometimes reduce the negative effects stress has on these disparities in some cognitive domains. Overall, these findings suggest that multiple pathways exist in which lower SES creates a stressful environment to impact ethnoracial disparities cognition. These pathways differ depending on the specific ethnoracial category and cognitive domain. The present results may offer insight into strategies to help mitigate the late-life risk for neurocognitive disorders in ethnoracial minorities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.