ArticleClinical and experimental dental research2022
Characterization of immune cell infiltrate in tumor stroma and epithelial compartments in oral squamous cell carcinomas of Sudanese patients.
Article in Clinical and experimental dental research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intraepithelial lymphocytes in human oral diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Investigating Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in the Microenvironment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs): Can They Shift Our Perspective? A Scoping Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Epidemiology, literacy, risk factors, and clinical status of oral cancer in East Africa: A scoping review.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Prognostic role of macrophages and mast cells in the microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma after resection.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-induced oral epithelial lesions exhibit time- and stage-dependent changes in the tumor immune microenvironment.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Tumor-Derived CCL5 Recruits Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Promotes Tumor Cell Proliferation in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Molecular cancer research : MCR · 2023Article
- Epithelial PD-L1 expression at tumor front predicts overall survival in a cohort of oral squamous cell carcinomas from Sudan.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2022Article
- Characterization of immune cell infiltrate in tumor stroma and epithelial compartments in oral squamous cell carcinomas of Sudanese patients.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTumor immune infiltrate has been explored in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but studies on simultaneous characterization of multiple immune cell subtypes separately in stromal and intraepithelial tumor compartments are limited.
objectivesWe aimed to investigate the immune cell infiltrate in OSCC by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for a panel of inflammatory cells in stromal and epithelial tumor compartments for a better characterization of the tumors.
methodsThirty-six OSCC lesions and nine normal oral mucosa (NOM) samples from patients attending Khartoum Dental Teaching Hospital, Sudan were investigated for presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor-associated macrophages, tumor-associated neutrophils, and PD-L1 positive cells in the inflammatory infiltrate by single and double IHC. Digital quantitative analysis (Aperio Technologies Inc.) was performed separately for stromal and epithelial compartments.
resultsOSCC cases displayed a higher inflammatory infiltrate in the associated stroma, but not in the epithelial compartment when compared to NOM. The immunosuppressive type of inflammatory infiltrate, that is, T regulatory cells (FoxP3
conclusionsDespite heavy immune cell infiltration in tumor-associated stroma, the majority of OSCCs in this cohort displayed a low intraepithelial immune infiltration. An immunoscore based on combined CD4 and FoxP3 intraepithelial expression may serve as an indicator of advanced tumor progression and should be further investigated for its use as potential prognostic biomarker in OSCC.
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