Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34625915›Full record

ReviewEndocrine2021

Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cancer: pathophysiological and therapeutic associations.

Nikoletta Mili, Stavroula A Paschou, Dimitrios G Goulis, Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos, Irene Lambrinoudaki, Theodora Psaltopoulou

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Endocrine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
81citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
8.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

81 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 144 citations in OpenAlex.

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21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Nikoletta MiliSecond Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieio Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Stavroula A PaschouEndocrine Unit and Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0651-1376
Dimitrios G GoulisFirst Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Meletios-Athanasios DimopoulosHematology and Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Irene Lambrinoudaki *Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieio Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Theodora Psaltopoulou *Hematology and Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. tpsaltop@hotmail.com.
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens · GRAristotle University of Thessaloniki · GR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Overweight, obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have become epidemic conditions affecting 39%, 13%, and 20% of the population respectively. The aim of this article is to review the literature on the association of obesity and MetS with the risk of cancer. We also explore the effect of lifestyle modifications, such as diet, physical activity, and antidiabetic medications, on cancer incidence. Increased body mass index (BMI) has been associated with a multitude of site-specific cancers, reaching relative risk (RR) 1.54 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47-1.61] per 5 unit increase for endometrial cancer, as well as with overall cancer risk (RR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02-1.05). Central adiposity measured by waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio has been suggested as a stronger predictor than BMI for several cancers, such as colorectal cancer. Metabolic Syndrome has been consistently and positively associated with the risk of very common cancers like colorectal (RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.24-1.44), endometrial (RR 1.62, 95% CI 1.26-2.07) and postmenopausal breast cancer (RR 2.01, 95% CI 1.55-2.60). Hyperglycemia and subsequently T2DM have been also shown to increase the risk of cancer. Nevertheless, these risk factors are modifiable and therefore implementing lifestyle modifications could prevent an important number of cancer cases. Adherence to cancer prevention guidelines, including maintaining a healthy weight, having regular physical exercise (RR 0.58-0.90 for different cite specific cancers) and following a healthy dietary pattern (RR 0.74-0.94 for different cite specific cancers) have a protective effect on the risk of cancer. The strength of this review is the presentation of the best evidence, as the data derive mainly from meta-analyses. Public health policies should focus on the modification of risk factors and future research is needed to reveal the pathophysiological links between these risk factors and cancer to develop more efficient prevention and treatment strategies.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsMetabolic SyndromeBody Mass IndexFemaleHumansObesityRisk FactorsWaist CircumferenceCancerDiabetesMetabolic syndromeMetforminObesity

Identifiers

PMID34625915
OpenAlexW3203729405

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.