ArticleImmunologic research2021
How to report the antinuclear antibodies (anti-cell antibodies) test on HEp-2 cells: guidelines from the ICAP initiative.
Article in Immunologic research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- The value of antinuclear antibody spectrum in diagnosis and disease activity assessment in early atypical systemic lupus erythematosus.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Clinical significance of anti-dense fine speckled 70 antibodies in dense fine speckled immunofluorescence positive patients, systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases, and controls.The Indian journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Anti-Cell Staining Patterns in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Associated Uveitis: A Peek Behind the Curtain.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- The Prevalence and Clinical Significance of the Centromere Protein-F-Like Immunofluorescence Staining Pattern in a Large ANA-positive Cohort.Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2026Article
- Beyond hepatitis C: clinical spectrum and demographic characteristics of anti-rods and rings antibodies in a large ANA-positive cohort.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Pilot Study of AI-Assisted ANA Immunofluorescence Reading-Comparison with Classical Visual Interpretation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Autoantibody production in pregnancy: relationship with mRNA BNT162b2 immunization, active COVID-19, and pre-eclampsia.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Detection of autoantibodies in severe COVID-19 patients two years after hospital discharge.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas · 2025Article
- Correlation between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and serum anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody formation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Landscape of immune cells in systematic lupus erythematosus patients with Epstein-Barr virus infection: assessed by single-cell sequencing.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Antinuclear antibodies may predict the development of immune-related adverse events in asymptomatic patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: results from a single-center cohort.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Recognition of rare antinuclear antibody patterns based on a novel attention-based enhancement framework.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2024Article
- Association between serum antinuclear antibody and rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Clinical Significance of Uncommon, Non-Clinical, and Novel Autoantibodies.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2024Review
- Retrospective evaluation of "Rods and Rings" pattern detected in the anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) test.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Discriminating between Homogeneous (AC-1) and Dense Fine Speckled (AC-2) Antinuclear Antibody Patterns: Re-Evaluation of Immunofluorescence Imaging.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- The Nuclear Dense Fine Speckled (DFS) Immunofluorescence Pattern: Not All Roads Lead to DFS70/LEDGFp75.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Preexisting autoantibodies as predictor of immune related adverse events (irAEs) for advanced solid tumors treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).Oncoimmunology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 14 institutions in 11 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Results of the anti-nuclear antibodies-indirect immunofluorescence assay (anti-cell antibodies test) on HEp-2 cell substrates should be communicated to clinicians in a standardized way, adding value to laboratory findings and helping with critical clinical decisions. This paper proposes a test report based on the practices informed by 118 laboratories in 68 countries, with recommendations from the International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP) group. Major focus is placed on the report format containing endpoint titers, immunofluorescence patterns together with anti-cell (AC) nomenclature, remarks on follow-up or reflex testing, and possible other autoantibody associations. ISO 15,189 directives were integrated into the test report. Special situations addressed include serum screening dilutions and endpoint titers, relevance of immunofluorescence patterns with special attention to cytoplasmic patterns, mixed and compound patterns, and how to report different titers corresponding to multiple patterns or autoantibodies in the same sample. This paper suggests a subtitle for the HEp-2-IIFA, namely anti-cell antibodies test, which could gradually substitute the original outdated ANA nomenclature. This ICAP pro forma report represents a further step in harmonizing the way relevant clinical information could be provided by laboratories.
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