ArticleNPJ Regenerative medicine2021
Metformin accelerates zebrafish heart regeneration by inducing autophagy.
Article in NPJ Regenerative medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- EGCG targeting autophagy in cardiovascular diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Metformin Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy via Inhibition of Reverse Electron Transfer at Mitochondrial Complex I.Biology · 2026Article
- Cullin-associated and neddylation-dissociated protein 1 (CAND1) promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration by enhancing the ubiquitinated degradation of Mps one binder kinase activator 1b (Mob1b).Cell death and differentiation · 2025Article
- Dysregulated Redox Signaling and Its Impact on Inflammatory Pathways, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Autophagy and Cardiovascular Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Molecular Mechanism of Metformin Regulating the Regeneration of PlanarianInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Knockout of thyroid hormone receptor alpha a (thraa) enhances cardiac regeneration in zebrafish through metabolic and hypoxic regulation.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis of the Effects of Metformin on the Regeneration of PlanarianGenes · 2025Article
- Autophagy in Tissue Repair and Regeneration.Cells · 2025Review
- Comprehensive view of macrophage autophagy and its application in cardiovascular diseases.Cell proliferation · 2024Review
- Impaired Detoxification of Trans, Trans-2,4-Decadienal, an Oxidation Product from Omega-6 Fatty Acids, Alters Insulin Signaling, Gluconeogenesis and Promotes Microvascular Disease.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Activating autophagy promotes skin regeneration induced by mechanical stretch during tissue expansion.Burns & trauma · 2024Article
- Damage-Induced Senescent Immune Cells Regulate Regeneration of the Zebrafish Retina.Aging biology · 2024Article
- Non-Genomic Hallmarks of Aging-The Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Molecular Responses of Daphnids to Chronic Exposures to Pharmaceuticals.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Myocardial injury: where inflammation and autophagy meet.Burns & trauma · 2023Review
- Sulfonylurea Is Associated With Higher Risks of Ventricular Arrhythmia or Sudden Cardiac Death Compared With Metformin: A Population-Based Cohort Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Article
- Review
- Beclin1 haploinsufficiency compromises mesenchymal stem cell-offered cardioprotection against myocardial infarction.Cell regeneration (London, England) · 2022Article
- Metformin versus sulphonylureas for new onset atrial fibrillation and stroke in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based study.Acta diabetologica · 2022Article
- Old and Novel Therapeutic Approaches in the Management of Hyperglycemia, an Important Risk Factor for Atherosclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Metformin is one of the most widely used drugs for type 2 diabetes and it also exhibits cardiovascular protective activity. However, the underlying mechanism of its action is not well understood. Here, we used an adult zebrafish model of heart cryoinjury, which mimics myocardial infarction in humans, and demonstrated that autophagy was significantly induced in the injured area. Through a systematic evaluation of the multiple cell types related to cardiac regeneration, we found that metformin enhanced the autophagic flux and improved epicardial, endocardial and vascular endothelial regeneration, accelerated transient collagen deposition and resolution, and induced cardiomyocyte proliferation. Whereas, when the autophagic flux was blocked, then all these processes were delayed. We also showed that metformin transiently enhanced the systolic function of the heart. Taken together, our results indicate that autophagy is positively involved in the metformin-induced acceleration of heart regeneration in zebrafish and suggest that this well-known diabetic drug has clinical value for the prevention and amelioration of myocardial infarction.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.