Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34625548›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

In situ and transcriptomic identification of microglia in synapse-rich regions of the developing zebrafish brain.

Nicholas J Silva, Leah C Dorman, Ilia D Vainchtein, Nadine C Horneck, Anna V Molofsky

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed
4.3field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  7. Modern Mining: The Role of Single-cell RNA Sequencing in Advancing Neuroscience Research.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2026
    Review
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  17. Zebrafish models of human-duplicatedbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024
    Article
  18. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Nicholas J Silva *Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5241-0034
Leah C Dorman *Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5511-887X
Ilia D VainchteinDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Nadine C HorneckDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4941-6798
Anna V MolofskyDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. anna.molofsky@ucsf.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-4709-2411
University of California, San Francisco · US

Funding

UCSF IRACDA Scholars ProgramK12GM081266 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Raymond M. Esquerra, HOLLY A. INGRAHAM · 2007 to 2026
$19.4M
Coordinate regulation of neural circuit remodeling by glia: a prospective molecular approachDP2MH116507 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI MOLOFSKY, ANNA V · 2017 to 2017
$2.4M
Astrocyte-microglial communication in developmental synapse formationR01MH119349 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI MOLOFSKY, ANNA V · 2019 to 2023
$2.0M
Defining the interactions between microglia and synapses in brain development and diseaseK99NS130018 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI SILVA, NICHOLAS JEREMY · 2023 to 2024
$235k
NIGMS NIH HHS K12 GM081266NIMH NIH HHS DP2 MH116507NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH119349NINDS NIH HHS K99 NS130018
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Microglia are brain resident macrophages that play vital roles in central nervous system (CNS) development, homeostasis, and pathology. Microglia both remodel synapses and engulf apoptotic cell corpses during development, but whether unique molecular programs regulate these distinct phagocytic functions is unknown. Here we identify a molecularly distinct microglial subset in the synapse rich regions of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain. We found that ramified microglia increased in synaptic regions of the midbrain and hindbrain between 7 and 28 days post fertilization. In contrast, microglia in the optic tectum were ameboid and clustered around neurogenic zones. Using single-cell mRNA sequencing combined with metadata from regional bulk sequencing, we identified synaptic-region associated microglia (SAMs) that were highly enriched in the hindbrain and expressed multiple candidate synapse modulating genes, including genes in the complement pathway. In contrast, neurogenic associated microglia (NAMs) were enriched in the optic tectum, had active cathepsin activity, and preferentially engulfed neuronal corpses. These data reveal that molecularly distinct phagocytic programs mediate synaptic remodeling and cell engulfment, and establish the zebrafish hindbrain as a model for investigating microglial-synapse interactions.

Indexed as

TranscriptomeAnimalsAnimals, Genetically ModifiedAntigens, Differentiation, B-LymphocyteCathepsin BGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGenes, ReporterGreen Fluorescent ProteinsHistocompatibility Antigens Class IIMesencephalonMicrogliaNeurogenesisNeuronsPhagocytosisRhombencephalonSingle-Cell AnalysisAntigens, Differentiation, B-LymphocyteCathepsin Benhanced green fluorescent proteinGreen Fluorescent ProteinsHistocompatibility Antigens Class IIinvariant chainZebrafish Proteins

Identifiers

PMID34625548
PMCPMC8501082
OpenAlexW3203732315

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.