ArticleBMC public health2021
Trends and socioeconomic inequalities in self-rated health in Japan, 1986-2016.
Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development of a comprehensive mortality database in Japan through data linkage of population census and vital statistics.Population health metrics · 2026Article
- Trends in income-related concentration and inequality in health in Japan: evidence from population-based National surveys from 2001 to 2022.Population health metrics · 2025Article
- Health from a health promotion perspective: a concept analysis.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Review
- Association between smartphone use, sleep deprivation, and self-rated health outcomes: A retrospective observational survey in rural Japan.Journal of general and family medicine · 2025Article
- Characteristics of employees with lower health interest in a Japanese IT company: a cross-sectional study using Breslow's health practice index.Journal of occupational health · 2025Article
- Educational inequalities in all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Japan: national census-linked mortality data for 2010-15.International journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Relationship between exposure to fine particulate matter and cardiovascular risk factors and the modifying effect of socioeconomic status: a cross-sectional study in Beijing, China.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities in self-rated health in Japan, 32 European countries and the United States: an international comparative study.Scandinavian journal of public health · 2023Article
- The Integration of Traditional Medicine with Conventional Biomedicine: A Narrative Review of the Japanese Perspective.Journal of integrative and complementary medicineReview
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3 authors.
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Abstract
introductionDespite having very high life expectancy, Japan has relatively poor self-rated health, compared to other high-income countries. We studied trends and socioeconomic inequalities in self-rated health in Japan using nationally representative data.
methodsThe Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions was analyzed, every 3 years (n ≈ 0.6-0.8 million/year) from 1986 to 2016. Whereas previous studies dichotomized self-rated health as an outcome, we used four categories: very good, good, fair, and bad/very bad. Proportional odds ordinal logistic regression models are used, with ordinal scale self-rated health as an outcome, and age category, survey year and occupational class or educational level as independent variables.
resultsIn 2016, the age-adjusted percentages for self-rated health categorized as very good, good, fair, and bad/very bad, were 24.0, 17.1, 48.7, and 10.2% among working-age men, and 21.6, 17.5, 49.4, and 11.5% among working-age women, respectively. With 1986 as the reference year, the odds ratios (ORs) of less good self-rated health were lowest in 1995 (0.69; 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]: 0.66-0.71 of working-age men), and highest in 2010 (1.23 [95% CI: 1.19-1.27]). The ORs of male, lower non-manual workers (compared to upper non-manual) increased from 1.12 (95% CI: 1.07-1.17) in 2010 to 1.20 (95% CI: 1.15-1.26) in 2016. Between 2010 and 2016, the ORs of working-age men with middle and low levels of education (compared to a high level of education) increased from 1.22 (95% CI: 1.18-1.27) to 1.34 (95% CI: 1.29-1.38), and from 1.47 (95% CI: 1.39-1.56) to 1.75 (95% CI: 1.63-1.88), respectively. The ORs of working-age women with middle and low levels of education also increased from 1.22 (95% CI: 1.17-1.28) to 1.32 (95% CI: 1.26-1.37), and from 1.74 (95% CI: 1.61-1.88) to 2.03 (95% CI: 1.87-2.21) during the same period.
conclusionJapan has the unique feature that approximately 50% of the survey respondents rated their self-rated health as fair, but with important variations over time and between socioeconomic groups. In-depth studies of the role of socioeconomic conditions may shed light on the reasons for the high prevalence of poor self-rated health in Japan.
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