Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34624759›Full record

ArticleComputers in biology and medicine2021

Effects of Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccination during COVID-19 infection.

Utpala Nanda Chowdhury, Md Omar Faruqe, Md Mehedy, Shamim Ahmad, M Babul Islam, Watshara Shoombuatong, A K M Azad, Mohammad Ali Moni

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Computers in biology and medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 36% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Utpala Nanda ChowdhuryDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
Md Omar FaruqeDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
Md MehedyDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
Shamim AhmadDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
M Babul IslamDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
Watshara ShoombuatongCenter of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
A K M AzadFaculty of Science, Engineering & Technology, Swinburne University of Technology Sydney, Australia.
Mohammad Ali MoniSchool of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. Electronic address: m.moni@uq.edu.au.
University of Rajshahi · BDMahidol University · THThe University of Queensland · AUUniversity of Technology Sydney · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the infection of highly contagious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as the novel coronavirus. In most countries, the containment of this virus spread is not controlled, which is driving the pandemic towards a more difficult phase. In this study, we investigated the impact of the Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccination on the severity and mortality of COVID-19 by performing transcriptomic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 infected and BCG vaccinated samples in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). A set of common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and seeded into their functional enrichment analyses via Gene Ontology (GO)-based functional terms and pre-annotated molecular pathways databases, and their Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network analysis. We further analysed the regulatory elements, possible comorbidities and putative drug candidates for COVID-19 patients who have not been BCG-vaccinated. Differential expression analyses of both BCG-vaccinated and COVID-19 infected samples identified 62 shared DEGs indicating their discordant expression pattern in their respected conditions compared to control. Next, PPI analysis of those DEGs revealed 10 hub genes, namely ITGB2, CXCL8, CXCL1, CCR2, IFNG, CCL4, PTGS2, ADORA3, TLR5 and CD33. Functional enrichment analyses found significantly enriched pathways/GO terms including cytokine activities, lysosome, IL-17 signalling pathway, TNF-signalling pathways. Moreover, a set of identified TFs, miRNAs and potential drug molecules were further investigated to assess their biological involvements in COVID-19 and their therapeutic possibilities. Findings showed significant genetic interactions between BCG vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting an interesting prospect of the BCG vaccine in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. We hope it may potentially trigger further research on this critical phenomenon to combat COVID-19 spread.

Indexed as

BCG VaccineCOVID-19HumansLeukocytes, MononuclearPandemicsSARS-CoV-2VaccinationBCG VaccineBacille calmette guerin (BCG)COVID-19Differentially expressed genesDrug moleculesSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID34624759
PMCPMC8479467
OpenAlexW3202457462

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.