Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34624721›Full record

ArticleResearch in developmental disabilities2021

Disparities in health literacy during the COVID-19 pandemic between the hearing and deaf communities.

Hashemiah Almusawi, Khalid Alasim, Sumaya BinAli, Mohammad Alherz

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Research in developmental disabilities, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Exploring the health literacy status of people with hearing impairment: a systematic review.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2023
    Pooled it
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  4. Health literacy of the Deaf community: a scoping review.Journal of deaf studies and deaf education · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Hashemiah AlmusawiDepartment of Special Education, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Kuwait. Electronic address: hm.almusawi@paaet.edu.kw.
Khalid AlasimDepartment of Special Education, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.
Sumaya BinAliDepartment of Psychology, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Kuwait.
Mohammad AlherzDepartment of Medicine, Farwaniya Hospital, The Ministry of Health, Kuwait.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBarriers to communication for those with hearing loss are not only associated with social, emotional, educational and occupational difficulties, but also with reduced access to essential healthcare services, health information, and poorer health outcomes (Emond et al., 2015). These concerns are amplified with mandates such as physical distancing and the use of masks, which although needed to prevent respiratory transmission of SARS-Cov-2, obscure access to facial features needed for lipreading and sign language.

objectivesTo compare the disparities of health knowledge and practice surrounding COVID-19, if any, among hearing and Deaf or Hard of Hearing (DHH) individuals.

methodsA total of 110 (70 hearing and 40 DHH) participants were recruited in the unique linguistic context of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia utilising a cross-sectional electronic survey. Participants were differentiated according to status of hearing loss, communication mode, as well as country, age, sex, occupation, education level and satisfaction with available information. Various aspects of knowledge relating to COVID-19 and associated public health measures were tested by means of a questionnaire.

resultsA multivariate regression analysis showed that both the degree of hearing loss, and use of sign language as the primary means of communication were associated with lower scores. In addition, disparities exist in the use of health information sources, where DHH participants relied mostly on social media compared to the hearing group who relied predominantly on official government sources.

conclusionsIn light of the pandemic, bridging the gap in health literacy for DHH individuals is essential in both policy and practice, in order to ensure equal access to healthcare and universal compliance with health directives at the population level.

Indexed as

COVID-19DeafnessHealth LiteracyPersons with Hearing DisabilitiesCross-Sectional StudiesHearingHumansPandemicsSARS-CoV-2COVID-19DeafHealth literacyPublic healthSign language

Identifiers

PMID34624721
PMCPMC8488063

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.