SynthesisJournal of neuro-oncology2021
Leptomeningeal disease in glioblastoma: endgame or opportunity?
Synthesis in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intrathecal chemotherapy for leptomeningeal disease in high-grade gliomas: a systematic review.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Synergistic cell-cycle repression by HDAC/EZH2 co-targeting in H3K27-altered diffuse midline glioma.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Obstacles and Trials in Treating Primary Brain Tumors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Role of CSF interleukin-6 in the prognosis of patients with Leptomeningeal metastases of glioblastoma.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Is leptomeningeal dissemination in oligodendroglioma predictable? Evidence from a scoping review.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Primary glioblastoma with spontaneous transdural invasion and contiguous calvarial/mastoid osteolysis: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Article
- Leptomeningeal Enhancement Manifesting as a Treatment-Related Change in Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-Wildtype Glioblastoma Mimicking Leptomeningeal Metastases on Contrast-Enhanced FLAIR MRI: A Case Report.Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology · 2025Article
- Leptomeningeal dissemination in H3 K27M- mutant diffuse midline gliomas: clinical characteristics, risk factors, and prognostic insights.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Article
- Efficacy and safety of cysto-ventricular catheter implantation for space-occupying cysts arising from glioma and brain metastasis: a retrospective study.Acta neurochirurgica · 2024Article
- Leptomeningeal spread in high-grade gliomas: Is surgery or adjuvant therapy after leptomeningeal spread associated with survival benefit?Neurosurgical review · 2023Article
- Revisiting prognostic factors in glioma with leptomeningeal metastases: a comprehensive analysis of clinical and molecular factors and treatment modalities.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2023Article
- Diffuse midline glioma treated with epigenetic agent-based immunotherapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Article
- Intraventricular immunovirotherapy; a translational step forward.Oncotarget · 2023Article
- Network-targeting combination therapy of leptomeningeal glioblastoma using multiple synthetic lethal strategies: a case report.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Safety and Efficacy of Intraventricular Immunovirotherapy with Oncolytic HSV-1 for CNS Cancers.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2022Article
- Preoperative Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Glioblastoma.Biology · 2022Review
- Preoperative stereotactic radiosurgery in the management of brain metastases and gliomas.Frontiers in surgery · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionGlioblastoma is an aggressive cancer with a notoriously poor prognosis. Recent advances in treatment have increased overall survival, though this may be accompanied by an increased incidence of leptomeningeal disease (LMD). LMD carries a particularly severe prognosis and remains a late stage manifestation of glioblastoma without satisfactory treatment. The objective of this review is to survey the literature on treatment of LMD in glioblastoma and to more fully characterize the current therapeutic strategies.
methodsThe authors performed a systematic review following PRISMA criteria on PubMed and OVID databases. Articles that included adult patients with LMD from glioblastoma were retrieved and reviewed.
resultsLMD in glioblastoma patients is increasing in incidence, with reports of up to 21%. The overall survival without treatment is alarmingly brief, with patients surviving between 1.6-3.8 months. All studies showed that treatment does improve overall survival significantly, increasing to 11.7 months in one study. However, no one adjuvant or surgical therapy has been shown to improve survival in LMD significantly over another. Direct treatment methods include chemotherapy (standard, anti-angiogenic, intrathecal, immunotherapy), and radiation. Hydrocephalus is a complication in LMD that can be treated with ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement, however treating hydrocephalus and delivering intrathecal chemotherapy is a challenge.
conclusionThough evidence remains lacking and there is no consensus, treatments show a trend towards improving survival and should be considered on a case-by-case basis. Further studies are necessary in the pursuit of a standard of care.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.