ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2021
Presence of high-risk HPVs, EBV, and MMTV in human triple-negative breast cancer.
Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Viral Genomic Footprints in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Tissue-Based Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus and Bovine Leukemia Virus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Human betaretrovirus (HBRV), homologous to mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), and human breast cancer: a significant epidemiological association.Retrovirology · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- MMTV-like Viruses and Human Breast Cancer: Evidence for Causality.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- The role of the intratumoral microbiota in breast cancer metastasis and immune regulation: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Artificial intelligence can match domain experts in evidence extraction and critical appraisal of microbial oncogenesis research publications.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Human papilloma virus as causal in breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- HPV-positive cancers at uncommon sites: a narrative review.Oncology reviews · 2026Review
- Differential Expression of Epstein-Barr Virus Sequences in Various Breast Cancer Subtypes.Genes · 2025Article
- Triple Viral Infections in Advanced Breast Cancer: Insights from a Three-Case Report and Literature Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The association between infectious agents and breast cancer: a review of the epidemiologic evidence.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Review
- The viral origins of breast cancer.Infectious agents and cancer · 2024Review
- Identification of modules and key genes associated with breast cancer subtypes through network analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Role of Oncogenic Viruses in the Pathogenesis of Sporadic Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of the Current Literature.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The assessment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in invasive apocrine carcinoma of the breast in relation to the HER2 status.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2024Article
- Human papillomaviruses and breast cancer: A systematic review and meta‑analysis.Oncology letters · 2024Article
- Low presence of papillomavirus and its lack of correlation with clinicopathological factors in breast cancer: a case control study.Iranian journal of microbiology · 2023Article
- Incidence and association of high-risk HPVs and EBV in patients with advanced stages of colorectal cancer from Qatar.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- Exploring the link between viruses and cancer in companion animals: a comprehensive and comparative analysis.Infectious agents and cancer · 2023Review
- Coinfection of HPVs Is Associated with Advanced Stage in Colorectal Cancer Patients from Qatar.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breast cancer, the most frequent disease amongst women worldwide, accounts for the highest cancer-related mortality rate. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype encompasses ~15% of all breast cancers and lack estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors. Although risk factors for breast cancer are well-known, factors underpinning breast cancer onset and progression remain unknown. Recent studies suggest the plausible role of oncoviruses including human papillomaviruses (HPVs), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) in breast cancer pathogenesis. However, the role of these oncoviruses in TNBC is still unclear. In the current study, we explored the status of high-risk HPVs, EBV, and MMTV in a well-defined TNBC cohort from Croatia in comparison to 16 normal/non TNBC samples (controls) using polymerase chain reaction assay. We found high-risk HPVs and EBV present in 37/70 (53%) and 25/70 (36%) of the cases, respectively. The most common HPV types are 52, 45, 31, 58 and 68. We found 16% of the samples positive for co-presence of high-risk HPVs and EBV. Moreover, our data revealed that 5/70 (7%) samples are positive for MMTV. In addition, only 2/70 (3%) samples had co-presence of HPVs, EBV, and MMTV without any significant association with the clinicopathological variables. While, 6/16 (37.5%) controls were positive for HPV (
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.