ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2021
Bilirubin Nanoparticles Protect Against Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nanoparticle-Based Therapies for Myocardial Injury and Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Translational Appraisal of Preclinical Evidence.Biomolecules · 2026Pooled it
- Transforming Toxicity into Therapy: Exploring Bilirubin's Benefits and Its Molecular Role in Cardiac Health and Disease.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Microbiome-derived cancer: the catabolism of bilirubin to urobilin in the liver-gut axis and its consequences.Gastroenterology report · 2026Review
- Nanomedicine for Cardiac Repair in Heart Failure: From Targeted Delivery to Regenerative Modulation.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- The HO-1/bilirubin axis in cardiovascular protection: critical evidence for modulation by plant metabolites and traditional multi-component formulations used in Chinese medicine.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Engineering the oxidative myocardium: ROS-responsive biomaterials for precision cardiovascular delivery in ischemia-reperfusion injury and post-infarction remodeling.Frontiers in drug delivery · 2026Review
- PVN-centered multi-omics and single-cell analyses suggest shared inflammatory and immune features in acute myocardial infarction-associated ventricular arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Adaptive bilirubin nanoscavenger alleviates pulmonary oxidative stress and inflammation for acute lung injury therapy.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Bilirubin Hepatic and Intestinal Transport and Catabolism: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Benefits.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Xinnaotongluo liquid protects H9c2 cells against hypoxic damage through IRF2/HIF-1α-mediated oxidation, inflammation, and apoptosis.Histology and histopathology · 2025Article
- Breaking the psoriasis pathological signaling cycle: A novel nanomedicine strategy targeting metabolism and oxidative stress.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Bilirubin metabolism and its application in disease prevention: mechanisms and research advances.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Review
- Synthetic Bilirubin-Based Nanomedicine Protects Against Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Antioxidant and Immune-Modulating Activity.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Bilirubin bioconversion to urobilin in the gut-liver-kidney axis: A biomarker for insulin resistance in the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2025Review
- Urobilin Derived from Bilirubin Bioconversion Binds Albumin and May Interfere with Bilirubin Interacting with Albumin: Implications for Disease Pathology.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Immune in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: potential mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Protective and curative effects of unconjugated bilirubin on gene expression of LOX-1 and iNOS in the heart of rats receiving high-fat diet and low dose streptozotocin: a histomorphometric approach.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2024Article
- Advances in Nanoparticles in the Prevention and Treatment of Myocardial Infarction.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Review
- Nanomedicines as Guardians of the Heart: Unleashing the Power of Antioxidants to Alleviate Myocardial Ischemic Injury.Theranostics · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury causes overproduction of reactive oxygen species, which are the major culprits of oxidative stress that leads to inflammation, apoptosis, myocardial damage, and dysfunction. Bilirubin acts as a potent endogenous antioxidant that is capable of scavenging various reactive oxygen species. We have previously generated bilirubin nanoparticles (BRNPs) consisting of polyethylene glycol-conjugated bilirubin. In this study, we examined the therapeutic effects of BRNPs on myocardial I/R injury in mice. Methods and Results In vivo imaging using fluorophore encapsulated BRNPs showed BRNPs preferentially targeted to the site of I/R injury in the heart. Cardiac I/R surgery was performed by first ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. After 45 minutes, reperfusion was achieved by releasing the ligation. BRNPs were administered intraperitoneally at 5 minutes before and 24 hours after reperfusion. Mice that received BRNPs showed significant improvements in their cardiac output, assessed by echocardiogram and pressure volume loop measurements, compared with the ones that received vehicle treatment. BRNPs treatment also significantly reduced the myocardial infarct size in mice that underwent cardiac I/R, compared with the vehicle-treatment group. In addition, BRNPs effectively suppressed reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory factor levels, as well as the amount of cardiac apoptosis. Conclusions Taken together, BRNPs could exert their therapeutic effects on cardiac I/R injury through attenuation of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation, providing a novel therapeutic modality for myocardial I/R injury.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.