ArticleRheumatology advances in practice2021
Health-care utilization and costs in adults with systemic lupus erythematosus in the United Kingdom: a real-world observational retrospective cohort analysis.
Article in Rheumatology advances in practice, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- The 2026 British Society for Rheumatology guideline for the management of children, young people and adults with systemic lupus erythematosus.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Guideline
- Epidemiology of patients with moderate-to-severe SLE in Sweden.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Article
- Validity of a claim-based algorithm for classifying disease activity levels using Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 in Korean patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Journal of rheumatic diseases · 2025Article
- Baby you can drive my CAR-T cells.Lupus · 2025Review
- Cost-of-illness changes before and after the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus: a nationwide, population-based observational study in Korea.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Observational
- Changes in the incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus between 1990 and 2020: an observational study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).Lupus science & medicine · 2024Observational
- Healthcare Resource Use and Costs Associated with Organ Damage in Newly Diagnosed Adults with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in the UK.Rheumatology and therapy · 2023Article
- Adverse Outcomes, Healthcare Resource Utilization, and Costs Associated with Systemic Corticosteroid use Among Adults with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in the UK.Rheumatology and therapy · 2023Article
- A machine learning model identifies patients in need of autoimmune disease testing using electronic health records.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Annual Direct Cost and Cost-Drivers of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study from CSTAR Registry.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis increases the risk of new-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a nationwide population-based cohort study.Arthritis research & therapy · 2023Article
- Cost Consequence Analysis of Belimumab versus Standard of Care for the Management of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Management and treatment of children, young people and adults with systemic lupus erythematosus: British Society for Rheumatology guideline scope.Rheumatology advances in practice · 2023Review
- Early intervention in systemic lupus erythematosus: time for action to improve outcomes and health-care utilization.Rheumatology advances in practice · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe aim was to describe direct health-care costs for adults with SLE in the UK over time and by disease severity and encounter type.
methodsPatients aged ≥18 years with SLE were identified using the linked Clinical Practice Research Datalink-Hospital Episode Statistics database from January 2005 to December 2017. Patients were classified as having mild, moderate or severe disease using an adapted claims-based algorithm based on prescriptions and co-morbid conditions. We estimated all-cause health-care costs and incremental costs associated with each year of follow-up compared with a baseline year, adjusting for age, sex, disease severity and co-morbid conditions (2017 UK pounds).
resultsWe identified 802 patients; 369 (46.0%) with mild, 345 (43.0%) moderate and 88 (11.0%) severe disease. The mean all-cause cost increased in the 3 years before diagnosis, peaked in the first year after diagnosis and remained high. The adjusted total mean annual increase in costs per patient was £4476 (95% CI: £3809, £5143) greater in the year of diagnosis compared with the baseline year (
conclusionThe health-care costs for patients with SLE in the UK are substantial, remain high after diagnosis and increase with increasing severity. Future research should assess whether earlier diagnosis and treatment might reduce disease severity and associated high health-care costs.
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