ArticleJournal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases2021
Gaps related to screening and diagnosis of tuberculosis in care cascade in selected health facilities in East Africa countries: A retrospective study.
Article in Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- The prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin-resistance strains using GeneXpert-MTB/RIF assay in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Reimagining tuberculosis detection in Somalia: from passive to active case finding.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence on chest X-ray for tuberculosis screening in Tanzania: a multicentre evaluation.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Evaluating tuberculosis treatment outcomes and predictors in five Southern African countries: A multi-country cohort analysis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Implementation of tuberculosis care cascade among adult people living with HIV registered in anti-retroviral therapy centres in Odisha, India, 2020-2023.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Analysis of tuberculosis prevalence surveys in Africa: evidence to change the status quo in case finding.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Eight-year tuberculosis epidemic trends in the Republic of Congo, a high TB burden country: progress and gaps towards end-TB targets.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Adenosine Deaminase and Systemic Immune Inflammatory Index-A Biomarker Duet Signature of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Severity.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Observational
- Understanding treatment initiation pathways and associated costs among people with pulmonary tuberculosis in a peri-urban area of Mozambique: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Burden of tuberculosis in Eastern Africa region from 1990-2021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2021 Study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Review
- Provider fidelity in tuberculosis screening practices among adolescents and adults living with HIV in public health facilities in Tanzania: a cross-sectional evaluation.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment outcomes and associated factors at Yirgalem General Hospital, Sidama Region, South Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
- Tackling syndemics by integrating infectious and noncommunicable diseases in health systems of low- and middle-income countries: A narrative systematic review.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Facilitators and barriers to implementing chest radiography in tuberculosis systematic screening of clinically high-risk groups in Ethiopia: A qualitative study.SAGE open medicine · 2024Article
- Healthcare workers' acceptance of the integrated tuberculosis-COVID-19 screening in central Java Private Hospitals, Indonesia.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2023Article
- Rolling out new anti-tuberculosis drugs without diagnostic capacity.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2023Article
- Implementation of evidence-based multiple focus integrated intensified TB screening to end TB (EXIT-TB) package in East Africa: a qualitative study.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- The gut microbiome: A line of defense against tuberculosis development.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionEast Africa countries (Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda) are among tuberculosis high burdened countries globally. As we race to accelerate progress towards a world free of tuberculosis by 2035, gaps related to screening and diagnosis in the cascade care need to be addressed.
methodsWe conducted a three-year (2015-2017) retrospective study using routine program data in 21 health facilities from East Africa. Data abstraction were done at tuberculosis clinics, outpatient departments (OPD), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and diabetic clinics, and then complemented with structured interviews with healthcare providers to identify possible gaps related to integration, screening, and diagnosis of tuberculosis. Data were analyzed using STATA™ Version 14.1.
resultsWe extracted information from 49,454 presumptive TB patients who were registered in the 21 facilities between January 2015 and December 2017. A total of 9,565 tuberculosis cases were notified; 46.5% (4,450) were bacteriologically confirmed and 31.5% (3,013) were HIV-infected. Prevalence of tuberculosis among presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis cases was 17.4%. The outcomes observed were as follows: 79.8% (7,646) cured or completed treatment, 6.6% (634) died, 13.3% (1,270) lost to follow-up or undocumented and 0.4% (34) treatment failure. In all countries, tuberculosis screening was largely integrated at OPD and HIV clinics. High patient load, weak laboratory specimen referral system, shortage of trained personnel, and frequent interruption of laboratory supplies were the major cited challenges in screening and diagnosis of tuberculosis.
conclusionScreening and diagnostic activities were frequently affected by scarcity of human and financial resources. Tuberculosis screening was mainly integrated at OPD and HIV clinics, with less emphasis on the other health facility clinics. Closing gaps related to TB case finding and diagnosis in developing countries requires sustainable investment for both human and financial resources and strengthen the integration of TB activities within the health system.
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