ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2021
The Role of Reproductive Hormones in Sex Differences in Sleep Homeostasis and Arousal Response in Mice.
Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Article
- Let's talk about sex: Male and female mice show similar fear memory retention despite hippocampal activity differences during encoding and consolidation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Ketogenic interventions enhance REM sleep in females and support memory in aged rats.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Associations Between REM Sleep-like Posture Expression and Cognitive Flexibility in 2-Month-Old Japanese Black Calves.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Gut microbiota regulate insomnia-like behaviors via gut-brain metabolic axis.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- The absence of Neuroligin-1 shapes wake/sleep architecture, rhythmic and arrhythmic activities of the electrocorticogram in female mice.Molecular brain · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Real-time behavioral monitoring of C57BL/6J mice during reproductive cycle.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- The importance of including both sexes in preclinical sleep studies and analyses.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Reproductive hormones and sex chromosomes drive sex differences in the sleep-wake cycle.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- On the basis of sex and sleep: the influence of the estrous cycle and sex on sleep-wake behavior.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Probing different paradigms of morphine withdrawal on sleep behavior in male and female C57BL/6J mice.Behavioural brain research · 2023Article
- The stress of losing sleep: Sex-specific neurobiological outcomes.Neurobiology of stress · 2023Article
- Probing different paradigms of morphine withdrawal on sleep behavior in male and female C57BL/6J mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Sex-specific regulation of the cortical transcriptome in response to sleep deprivation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Altered EEG, disrupted hippocampal long-term potentiation and neurobehavioral deficits implicate a delirium-like state in a mouse model of sepsis.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2023Article
- Mice Lacking Cerebellar Cortex and Related Structures Show a Decrease in Slow-Wave Activity With Normal Non-REM Sleep Amount and Sleep Homeostasis.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Article
- Interactive effects of pain and arousal state on heart rate and cortical activity in the mouse anterior cingulate and somatosensory cortices.Neurobiology of pain (Cambridge, Mass.)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There are various sex differences in sleep/wake behaviors in mice. However, it is unclear whether there are sex differences in sleep homeostasis and arousal responses and whether gonadal hormones are involved in these sex differences. Here, we examined sleep/wake behaviors under baseline condition, after sleep deprivation by gentle handling, and arousal responses to repeated cage changes in male and female C57BL/6 mice that are hormonally intact, gonadectomized, or gonadectomized with hormone supplementation. Compared to males, females had longer wake time, shorter non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) time, and longer rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) episodes. After sleep deprivation, males showed an increase in NREMS delta power, NREMS time, and REMS time, but females showed a smaller increase. Females and males showed similar arousal responses. Gonadectomy had only a modest effect on homeostatic sleep regulation in males but enhanced it in females. Gonadectomy weakened arousal response in males and females. With hormone replacement, baseline sleep in gonadectomized females was similar to that of intact females, and baseline sleep in gonadectomized males was close to that of intact males. Gonadal hormone supplementation restored arousal response in males but not in females. These results indicate that male and female mice differ in their baseline sleep-wake behavior, homeostatic sleep regulation, and arousal responses to external stimuli, which are differentially affected by reproductive hormones.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.