ArticlePediatrics2021
COVID-19-Associated Orphanhood and Caregiver Death in the United States.
Article in Pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 232 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Comprehensive Multilevel Analysis of the Bucharest Early Intervention Project: Causal Effects on Recovery From Early Severe Deprivation.The American journal of psychiatry · 2023Trial
- Family dynamics after sibling loss in a migration context: the experiences of Ethiopian bereaved siblings.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Geographic variation and neighbourhood correlates of mental health-related hospitalizations and emergency department visits in children and youth during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based study.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Stress and Resilience Factors Characterizing Pandemic Experiences of Low-Income Pregnant and Postpartum Latina Mothers.Journal of latinx psychology · 2025Article
- American Indian Adolescent Perspectives on COVID-19 Impacts Within Great Plains Area Reservations.Journal of transcultural nursing : official journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society · 2025Article
- Diabetes Care and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives of Adolescents with Diabetes, Parents, and Providers.Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings · 2025Article
- Visualizing the effects and causes of caregiver deaths on children in the USA.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- Orphanhood and caregiver death among children in the United States by all-cause mortality, 2000-2021.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- Mortality in the families of children during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from a repeated cross-sectional study of children in the United States.BMC public health · 2025Article
- When a parent dies: A scoping review of protective and risk processes for childhood bereavement.Death studies · 2025Article
- Disparities in mental health service utilization among adolescents with depression: Results from a 2022 U.S. National Survey.PLOS mental health · 2025Article
- Accelerating achievement for Africa's adolescents.Contemporary social science · 2025Article
- Feasibility and Acceptability of a Family-Based Telehealth Intervention for Families Impacted by the Child Welfare System: Formative Mixed Methods Evaluation.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- Evaluating and Reducing Subgroup Disparity in AI Models: An Analysis of Pediatric COVID-19 Test Outcomes.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Review
- Spatial Accessibility and Uptake of Pediatric COVID-19 Vaccinations by Social Vulnerability.Pediatrics · 2024Article
- Unequal loss: Disparities in relational closeness to a COVID-19 death among U.S. older adults.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2024Article
- Assessing Access to Trauma-Informed Outpatient Mental Health Services for Adolescents: A Mystery Shopper Study.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Article
- A qualitative exploration of research-school partnerships during COVID: How to better serve our community partners during times of crisis.Evidence-based practice in child and adolescent mental health · 2024Article
- Changes in Internalizing Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Transdiagnostic Sample of Youth: Exploring Mediators and Predictors.Child psychiatry and human development · 2024Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMost coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths occur among adults, not children, and attention has focused on mitigating COVID-19 burden among adults. However, a tragic consequence of adult deaths is that high numbers of children might lose their parents and caregivers to COVID-19-associated deaths.
methodsWe quantified COVID-19-associated caregiver loss and orphanhood in the United States and for each state using fertility and excess and COVID-19 mortality data. We assessed burden and rates of COVID-19-associated orphanhood and deaths of custodial and coresiding grandparents, overall and by race and ethnicity. We further examined variations in COVID-19-associated orphanhood by race and ethnicity for each state.
resultsWe found that from April 1, 2020, through June 30, 2021, >140 000 children in the United States experienced the death of a parent or grandparent caregiver. The risk of such loss was 1.1 to 4.5 times higher among children of racial and ethnic minority groups compared with non-Hispanic White children. The highest burden of COVID-19-associated death of parents and caregivers occurred in Southern border states for Hispanic children, in Southeastern states for Black children, and in states with tribal areas for American Indian and/or Alaska Native populations.
conclusionsWe found substantial disparities in distributions of COVID-19-associated death of parents and caregivers across racial and ethnic groups. Children losing caregivers to COVID-19 need care and safe, stable, and nurturing families with economic support, quality child care, and evidence-based parenting support programs. There is an urgent need to mount an evidence-based comprehensive response focused on those children at greatest risk in the states most affected.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.