Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34620172›Full record

ArticleBMC biology2021

Skin-penetrating nematodes exhibit life-stage-specific interactions with host-associated and environmental bacteria.

Ivan N Chavez, Taylor M Brown, Adrien Assié, Astra S Bryant, Buck S Samuel, Elissa A Hallem

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Invade or die: behaviours and biochemical mechanisms that drive skin penetration inPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Ivan N Chavez *Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Taylor M Brown *Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Adrien AssiéAlkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Astra S BryantDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Buck S SamuelAlkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Elissa A HallemDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. ehallem@ucla.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-0260-3174
University of California, Los Angeles · USBaylor College of Medicine · US

Funding

UCLA NIGMS T32 Program AssessmentT32GM007185 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI TORRES, JORGE · 1985 to 2020
$21.7M
MARC U*STAR Program at the University of California, Los AngelesT34GM008563 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI MCEVOY, MEGAN M, POE, GINA R · 1996 to 2023
$9.7M
Chemosensation in skin-penetrating parasitic nematodesR01DC017959 · NIDCD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI HALLEM, ELISSA ANYON · 2019 to 2023
$2.6M
Microbial programming of host physiologyDP2DK116645 · NIDDK · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI SAMUEL, BUCK SPARROW · 2017 to 2017
$2.4M
NIDCD NIH HHS NIH R01 DC017959NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC017959NIDDK NIH HHS DP2 DK116645NIDDK NIH HHS NIH DP2 DK116645NIGMS NIH HHS NIH MARC T34 GM008563NIGMS NIH HHS NIH T32 GM007185NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007185NIGMS NIH HHS T34 GM008563
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSkin-penetrating nematodes of the genus Strongyloides infect over 600 million people, posing a major global health burden. Their life cycle includes both a parasitic and free-living generation. During the parasitic generation, infective third-stage larvae (iL3s) actively engage in host seeking. During the free-living generation, the nematodes develop and reproduce on host feces. At different points during their life cycle, Strongyloides species encounter a wide variety of host-associated and environmental bacteria. However, the microbiome associated with Strongyloides species, and the behavioral and physiological interactions between Strongyloides species and bacteria, remain unclear.

resultsWe first investigated the microbiome of the human parasite Strongyloides stercoralis using 16S-based amplicon sequencing. We found that S. stercoralis free-living adults have an associated microbiome consisting of specific fecal bacteria. We then investigated the behavioral responses of S. stercoralis and the closely related rat parasite Strongyloides ratti to an ecologically diverse panel of bacteria. We found that S. stercoralis and S. ratti showed similar responses to bacteria. The responses of both nematodes to bacteria varied dramatically across life stages: free-living adults were strongly attracted to most of the bacteria tested, while iL3s were attracted specifically to a narrow range of environmental bacteria. The behavioral responses to bacteria were dynamic, consisting of distinct short- and long-term behaviors. Finally, a comparison of the growth and reproduction of S. stercoralis free-living adults on different bacteria revealed that the bacterium Proteus mirabilis inhibits S. stercoralis egg hatching, and thereby greatly decreases parasite viability.

conclusionsSkin-penetrating nematodes encounter bacteria from various ecological niches throughout their life cycle. Our results demonstrate that bacteria function as key chemosensory cues for directing parasite movement in a life-stage-specific manner. Some bacterial genera may form essential associations with the nematodes, while others are detrimental and serve as a potential source of novel nematicides.

Indexed as

NematodaAnimalsBacteriaLarvaLife Cycle StagesRatsSkinStrongyloides rattiStrongyloides stercoralisBacteriaChemosensationParasitic nematodeSensory behaviorStrongyloides

Identifiers

PMID34620172
PMCPMC8499433
OpenAlexW3203974811

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.