Observational studyBMC infectious diseases2021
Risk factors associated with severe hospital burden of COVID-19 disease in Regione Lombardia: a cohort study.
Observational study in BMC infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predicting COVID-19 progression in hospitalized patients in Kurdistan Province using a multi-state model.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Characteristics, outcome, duration of hospitalization, and cycle threshold of patients with COVID-19 referred to four hospitals in Babol City: a multicenter retrospective observational study on the fourth, fifth, and sixth waves.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Observational
- Differences in the Clinical Severity Scores of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients across Different Phases of an Epidemic Wave in Iran: a Secondary Analysis.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2024Article
- Real-time analysis of hospital length of stay in a mixed SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta epidemic in New South Wales, Australia.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Difference in determinants of ICU admission and death among COVID-19 hospitalized patients in two epidemic waves in Portugal: possible impact of healthcare burden and hospital bed occupancy on clinical management and outcomes, March-December 2020.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Associations between the COVID-19 Pandemic and Hospital Infrastructure Adaptation and Planning-A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Article
- A new infodemiological approach through Google Trends: longitudinal analysis of COVID-19 scientific and infodemic names in Italy.BMC medical research methodology · 2022Article
- Decreasing hospital burden of COVID-19 during the first wave in Regione Lombardia: an emergency measures context.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUnderstanding the risk factors associated with hospital burden of COVID-19 is crucial for healthcare planning for any future waves of infection.
methodsAn observational cohort study is performed, using data on all PCR-confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Regione Lombardia, Italy, during the first wave of infection from February-June 2020. A multi-state modelling approach is used to simultaneously estimate risks of progression through hospital to final outcomes of either death or discharge, by pathway (via critical care or not) and the times to final events (lengths of stay). Logistic and time-to-event regressions are used to quantify the association of patient and population characteristics with the risks of hospital outcomes and lengths of stay respectively.
resultsRisks of severe outcomes such as ICU admission and mortality have decreased with month of admission (for example, the odds ratio of ICU admission in June vs March is 0.247 [0.120-0.508]) and increased with age (odds ratio of ICU admission in 45-65 vs 65 + age group is 0.286 [0.201-0.406]). Care home residents aged 65 + are associated with increased risk of hospital mortality and decreased risk of ICU admission. Being a healthcare worker appears to have a protective association with mortality risk (odds ratio of ICU mortality is 0.254 [0.143-0.453] relative to non-healthcare workers) and length of stay. Lengths of stay decrease with month of admission for survivors, but do not appear to vary with month for non-survivors.
conclusionsImprovements in clinical knowledge, treatment, patient and hospital management and public health surveillance, together with the waning of the first wave after the first lockdown, are hypothesised to have contributed to the reduced risks and lengths of stay over time.
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