ReviewCurrent opinion in immunology2022
The role of CD4 T cells in rejection of solid tumors.
Review in Current opinion in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- CD4Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- UCPVax, a CD4 helper peptide vaccine, induces polyfunctional Th1 cells, antibody response, and epitope spreading to improve antitumor immunity.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Trial
- Efficacy and tolerability of neoadjuvant therapy with Talimogene laherparepvec in cutaneous basal cell carcinoma: a phase II trial (NeoBCC trial).Nature cancer · 2025Trial
- Multipeptide vaccines for melanoma in the adjuvant setting: long-term survival outcomes and post-hoc analysis of a randomized phase II trial.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- CXCL13-expressing CD4Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Genetic and Pharmacologic Targeting of Eya3 in Macrophages Drives Anti-Tumor Immunity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Oral Administration of Withaferin A Increases Infiltration of CD4Journal of cancer prevention · 2026Article
- Therapeutic targeting of RAGE/STAT3 signaling abrogates S100A7-driven breast tumorigenicity and immune suppression.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Sentinel Lymph Node Analysis in Patients With Breast Cancer Revealed Alterations in T Cells Subset.Journal of breast cancer · 2026Article
- Development of a pediatric immune cell atlas and characterization of CD4+ T cells in food allergy.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026Review
- Correlation Between SII and Lymphocyte Subsets in Gastric Cancer Patients and Its Prognostic Importance.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- Multimodal single-cell and spatial profiling reveals altered T cell-mediated immunity and B-cell follicular architecture in non-metastatic lymph nodes of patients with aggressive non-small cell lung cancer.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Proteotranscriptomic Dissection of Breast Cancer T Cell States Identifies CD103+ Tfh-derived Cytotoxic Cells Linked to Immunotherapy Response.Research square · 2026Article
- Circulating immune and biochemical markers predict tumor response to immunotherapy in advanced melanoma and lung cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A Biologically Inert Tamoxifen-derived Long-lasting Hydrogel-mediated Immunochemotherapy Can Mitigate Tumour Progression and Activate T Cell Immunity.Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- ProS1-MerTK signaling in CD4 T cells: implications for TIL expansion and functionality.Oncoimmunology · 2025Article
- Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte expansion protocols for adoptive cell therapy in cancer.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2025Review
- NT-I7, a novel long-acting interleukin-7, promotes anti-PD-1 efficacy in an autologous humanized melanoma model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Expansion of a circulating Ki67-positive effector T-cell population following combined PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade for melanoma is predictive of treatment response.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- The spontaneous neoantigen-specific CD4Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The focus in cancer immunotherapy has mainly been on CD8 T cells, as they can directly recognize cancer cells. CD4 T cells have largely been neglected, because most cancers lack MHC II expression and cannot directly be recognized by CD4 T cells. Yet, tumor antigens can be captured and cross-presented by MHC II-expressing tumor stromal cells. Recent data suggest that CD4 T cells act as a swiss army knife against tumors. They can kill cancer cells, if they express MHC II, induce tumoricidal macrophages, induces cellular senescence of cancer cells, destroy the tumor vasculature through cytokine release and help CD8 T cells in the effector phase. We foresee a great future for CD4 T cells in the clinic, grafted with tumor antigen specificity by T cell receptor gene transfer, either alone or in combination with engineered CD8 T cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.