ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2021
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness in preventing confirmed infection in pregnant women.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines on maternal and perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2024Pooled it
- Is it safe and effective to administer COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy? A systematic review and meta-analysis.American journal of infection control · 2023Pooled it
- The dose- and time-dependent effectiveness and safety associated with COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Maternal and neonatal safety outcomes after SAR-CoV-2 vaccination during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness and perinatal outcomes of COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy.Nature communications · 2022Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review of Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes.Viruses · 2022Pooled it
- Short-lived neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 in newborns of immunized mothers.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2025Article
- The Effectiveness and Influence of COVID-19 Vaccination on Perinatal Individuals and Their Newborns: An Updated Meta-Analysis.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2025Review
- Estimating protection afforded by prior infection in preventing reinfection: applying the test-negative study design.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- IgG antibody levels against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in mother-child dyads after COVID-19 vaccination.Infection · 2024Article
- Prenatal Maternal Immunization for Infant Protection: A Review of the Vaccines Recommended, Infant Immunity and Future Research Directions.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy by circulating viral variant.AJOG global reports · 2023Article
- mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Before vs During Pregnancy and Omicron Infection Among Infants.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Effect of COVID-19 vaccination and booster on maternal-fetal outcomes: a retrospective cohort study.The Lancet. Digital health · 2023Article
- Individual and neighborhood factors associated with being unvaccinated against COVID-19 among pregnant persons.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- Maternal and neonatal outcomes of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy, a systematic review and meta-analysis.NPJ vaccines · 2023Review
- Safety and Effectiveness of Maternal COVID-19 Vaccines Among Pregnant People and Infants.Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America · 2023Review
- COVID-19 mRNA vaccination status and concerns among pregnant women in Japan: a multicenter questionnaire survey.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- An Update on COVID-19 Vaccination and Pregnancy.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Key Lessons from COVID-19: A Narrative Review Describing Qatar's Multifactorial Approach in Executing a Vaccination Campaign.Vaccines · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of pregnancy-related complications and neonatal respiratory distress and hospitalization. Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in pregnant women is not known.MethodsAll women with confirmed pregnancy who presented to the national referral hospital in Qatar between December 20, 2020, and May 30, 2021, with at least 1 SARS-CoV-2 test and not testing prior to pregnancy were included. We determined the vaccine effectiveness of mRNA vaccines in preventing confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy using both cohort and test-negative case-control designs. Analyses were adjusted for age group, nationality, and gestational age.ResultsAmong 4534 pregnant women, there were 407 vaccinated and 407 unvaccinated women in the matched cohort analysis. Vaccine effectiveness was 87.6% (95%CI 44.1%-97.2%) at least 14 days after the second dose. There were 386 test-positive and 834 matched women in the test-negative case control analysis. Vaccine effectiveness was 86.8% (95%CI 47.5%-98.5%) at least 14 days after the second dose. Adjustment for age, nationality, and gestational age yielded similar results for both designs. In the test-negative analysis, vaccine effectiveness at least 14 days after the first dose but before the second dose was 40.8% (95% CI 0.0%-80.4%). Of the 386 test-positive pregnant women, 74 cases were Alpha variant, 163 cases were Beta variant, and 156 cases were variants of unknown status. There were 9 severe or critical disease cases and no deaths in the test-positive pregnant women, all of whom were unvaccinated.ConclusionThe mRNA vaccines provide a high level of protection against documented SARS-CoV-2 infection, which supports the inclusion of pregnant women in vaccination campaigns.FUNDINGHamad Medical Corporation, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, and the Ministry of Public Health Qatar.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.