ArticleThe journal of international advanced otology2021
Implantable Closed-Loop System for Restoration of Blinking in Case of Unilateral Facial Nerve Paralysis.
Article in The journal of international advanced otology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human eyelid behavior is driven by segmental neural control of the orbicularis oculi.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Development of a Flexible Electrode for Electrical Stimulation of Rabbit Extraocular Muscle.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2025Article
- Future treatment options for facial nerve palsy: a review on electrical stimulation devices for the orbicularis oculi muscle.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
backgroundIn facial nerve (FN) paralysis, a critical task is to restore the orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM) function to prevent corneal atrophy and vision deterioration. In this study, we present the application of a fully implantable bioelectrical closed-loop system for the restoration of blinking in a rabbit model of unilateral FN paralysis. We test the hypothesis that blinking events on the healthy side of a face could be used to trigger an electrical stimulation of eyelid muscles on the impaired side of the face resulting in functional simultaneous blinking.
methodsWe developed and tested in an animal model a functional prototype of a fully implantable closed-loop device for the restoration of blinking in patients with unilateral FN paralysis. The study was performed on 14 rabbits after complete transection of the FN on 1 side. The animals were divided into 2 groups. In the first group, the subcutaneous electrodes were implanted for functional electrical stimulation of the upper eyelid on the side of the damaged OOM, and the electromyographic signals (EMG) from the healthy OOM were recorded. Two-phase stimulation pulses with adjustable parameters were delivered between electrodes in the medial and lateral corners of a palpebral fissure. Animals from the second group had not received any treatment and were used as a control for facial paralysis.
resultsStimulation parameters that were sufficient to cause complete eyelid closure were estimated. These parameters included pulse current amplitude, pulse width, and stimulation frequency. We also report the modulation of stimulation parameters during the stimulation period (days 8-30 post transection of the FN). The absence of the eyelid closure in the control group after 1 month of denervation was confirmed.
conclusionOur study confirmed the possibility of restoration of simultaneous complete eyelid closure by a pre-pain threshold electrical stimulation using a fully implantable closed-loop device in animals with unilateral FN paralysis.
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