Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34617022›Full record

ArticleRadiology. Artificial intelligence2021

Landmark Detection in Cardiac MRI by Using a Convolutional Neural Network.

Hui Xue, Jessica Artico, Marianna Fontana, James C Moon, Rhodri H Davies, Peter Kellman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Radiology. Artificial intelligence, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
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  6. Fully automated free-breathing cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at 3T: A prospective randomized study of image quality, efficiency, and workflow burden.Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance · 2026
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  7. Article
  8. Article
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  16. Automatic flow planning for fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging.Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Towards a cardiovascular magnetic resonance foundation model for multi-task cardiac image analysis.Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance · 2025
    Article
  19. Review
  20. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Hui XueNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 (H.X., P.K.); Barts Heart Centre, National Health Service, London, England (J.A., J.C.M., R.H.D.); and National Amyloidosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, London, England (M.F.).ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4561-5530
Jessica ArticoNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 (H.X., P.K.); Barts Heart Centre, National Health Service, London, England (J.A., J.C.M., R.H.D.); and National Amyloidosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, London, England (M.F.).
Marianna FontanaNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 (H.X., P.K.); Barts Heart Centre, National Health Service, London, England (J.A., J.C.M., R.H.D.); and National Amyloidosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, London, England (M.F.).
James C MoonNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 (H.X., P.K.); Barts Heart Centre, National Health Service, London, England (J.A., J.C.M., R.H.D.); and National Amyloidosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, London, England (M.F.).ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8071-1491
Rhodri H DaviesNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 (H.X., P.K.); Barts Heart Centre, National Health Service, London, England (J.A., J.C.M., R.H.D.); and National Amyloidosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, London, England (M.F.).ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-7517
Peter KellmanNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 (H.X., P.K.); Barts Heart Centre, National Health Service, London, England (J.A., J.C.M., R.H.D.); and National Amyloidosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, London, England (M.F.).ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9875-6070

Funding

British Heart Foundation FS/18/21/33447
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) solution for landmark detection in cardiac MRI (CMR). MATERIALS AND

methodsThis retrospective study included cine, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), and T1 mapping examinations from two hospitals. The training set included 2329 patients (34 089 images; mean age, 54.1 years; 1471 men; December 2017 to March 2020). A hold-out test set included 531 patients (7723 images; mean age, 51.5 years; 323 men; May 2020 to July 2020). CNN models were developed to detect two mitral valve plane and apical points on long-axis images. On short-axis images, anterior and posterior right ventricular (RV) insertion points and left ventricular (LV) center points were detected. Model outputs were compared with manual labels assigned by two readers. The trained model was deployed to MRI scanners.

resultsFor the long-axis images, successful detection of cardiac landmarks ranged from 99.7% to 100% for cine images and from 99.2% to 99.5% for LGE images. For the short-axis images, detection rates were 96.6% for cine, 97.6% for LGE, and 98.7% for T1 mapping. The Euclidean distances between model-assigned and manually assigned labels ranged from 2 to 3.5 mm for different landmarks, indicating close agreement between model-derived landmarks and manually assigned labels. For all views and imaging sequences, no differences between the models' assessment of images and the readers' assessment of images were found for the anterior RV insertion angle or LV length. Model inference for a typical cardiac cine series took 610 msec with the graphics processing unit and 5.6 seconds with central processing unit.

conclusionA CNN was developed for landmark detection on both long- and short-axis CMR images acquired with cine, LGE, and T1 mapping sequences, and the accuracy of the CNN was comparable with the interreader variation.

Indexed as

CardiacConvolutional Neural Network (CNN)Deep Learning AlgorithmsFeature DetectionHeartMachine Learning AlgorithmsMR ImagingQuantificationSupervised Learning

Identifiers

PMID34617022
PMCPMC8489464

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.