Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34616899›Full record

ArticleIEEE robotics and automation letters2021

Real-Time Gait Phase Estimation for Robotic Hip Exoskeleton Control During Multimodal Locomotion.

Inseung Kang, Dean D Molinaro, Srijan Duggal, Yanrong Chen, Pratik Kunapuli, Aaron J Young

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in IEEE robotics and automation letters, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
42citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
8.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 151 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Gait Event Detection From Thigh Segment Kinematics in Children With Crouch Gait.IEEE journal of translational engineering in health and medicine · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. NeuroSkinSensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  12. Machine Learning Enables Rapid Detection of Slips Using a Robotic Hip Exoskeleton.IEEE transactions on medical robotics and bionics · 2025
    Article
  13. A Task-Agnostic Approach to Unified Multi-Activity Gait Phase Estimation via Bilateral Sensing.IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [proceedings] · 2025
    Article
  14. A Task-Agnostic Hip Exoskeleton for Osteoarthritis Pain Relief: Energetic Control Across Activities of Daily Life.IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [proceedings] · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Online Adaptation Framework Enables Personalization of Exoskeleton Assistance During Locomotion in Patients Affected by Stroke.IEEE transactions on robotics : a publication of the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society · 2025
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Inseung KangSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332 USA.
Dean D MolinaroSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332 USA.
Srijan DuggalSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332 USA.
Yanrong ChenSchool of Computer Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332 USA.
Pratik KunapuliGRASP Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104 USA.
Aaron J YoungSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332 USA.
Georgia Institute of Technology · USUniversity of Pennsylvania · US

Funding

Improving Community Ambulation for Stroke Survivors using Powered Hip Exoskeletons with Adaptive Environmental ControllersR03HD097740 · NICHD · GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI YOUNG, AARON JOHN · 2019 to 2020
$294k
NICHD NIH HHS R03 HD097740
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We developed and validated a gait phase estimator for real-time control of a robotic hip exoskeleton during multimodal locomotion. Gait phase describes the fraction of time passed since the previous gait event, such as heel strike, and is a promising framework for appropriately applying exoskeleton assistance during cyclic tasks. A conventional method utilizes a mechanical sensor to detect a gait event and uses the time since the last gait event to linearly interpolate the current gait phase. While this approach may work well for constant treadmill walking, it shows poor performance when translated to overground situations where the user may change walking speed and locomotion modes dynamically. To tackle these challenges, we utilized a convolutional neural network-based gait phase estimator that can adapt to different locomotion mode settings to modulate the exoskeleton assistance. Our resulting model accurately predicted the gait phase during multimodal locomotion without any additional information about the user's locomotion mode, with a gait phase estimation RMSE of 5.04 ± 0.79%, significantly outperforming the literature standard (

Indexed as

Convolutional Neural NetworkExoskeletonGait Phase EstimationLocomotion ModeMachine Learning

Identifiers

PMID34616899
PMCPMC8488948
OpenAlexW3135449185

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.