ArticleBioMed research international2021
The Functionalities and Clinical Significance of Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Article in BioMed research international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Changes in PD-1 expression on T lymphocyte subsets and related immune indicators before and after definitive chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Revolutionizing ESCC prognosis: the efficiency of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIIC) signature score.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Effect of immune infiltration intensity on the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for esophageal cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Identification and analysis of immune cell-related genes in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and drug network prediction.Archives of dermatological research · 2024Article
- Decreased plasma gelsolin fosters a fibrotic tumor microenvironment and promotes chemoradiotherapy resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Journal of biomedical science · 2024Article
- Retracted: The Functionalities and Clinical Significance of Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.BioMed research international · 2024Article
- Genomic and transcriptional characterization of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.BMC medical genomics · 2023Article
- Developing a novel necroptosis-related signature to evaluate the prognostic and therapeutic characteristics of esophageal cancer.American journal of translational research · 2023Article
- Comparison of dynamic changes in the peripheral CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2024-03-20Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content · Concerns/Issues about Data · Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions · Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions · Concerns/Issues about Peer Review · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Investigation by Third Party · Paper Mill · Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating immune cells have been implicated in the tumorigenesis and progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the functionalities and clinical significance of immune cells remain largely unveiled. In this study, the gene expression data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were extracted. The relative infiltrating levels were estimated by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis. Some cytotoxic immune cells were attenuated, and resting cytotoxic immune cells were accumulated in ESCC. Remarkably, we also observed that infiltrating levels of macrophage M2 and resting natural killer (NK) cells were increased in nonresponders of CRT, and T cells that had anticancer activities such as activated memory CD4 and T helper 2 (Th2) cells were significantly reduced in ESCC tissues of the nonresponders. Moreover, the high infiltrations of the resting natural killer (NK) and dendritic cell (DC) were observed to result in a shorter overall survival in ESCC. Consistently, high expression of immune checkpoint genes, CTLA4 and HAVCR2, was associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, STAT5B, a key transcription factor, as well as its target genes, involved in the regulation of T cells, was significantly downregulated in ESCC, especially subgroup I, indicating that downregulation of STAT5B might be associated with reduced T cell-mediated anticancer activity. In conclusion, the present study significantly improved our understanding of the regulatory roles of immune cells in ESCC.
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