ArticlePeerJ2021
Exosomal hsa-miR-21-5p is a biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis.
Article in PeerJ, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular vesicle-associated and non-vesicle-associated microRNAs for early breast cancer detection: a systematic review.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Pooled it
- Circulating MicroRNAs Reflect Body Composition Features in Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Cancer-Derived Exosomes: A Cross-Cancer Comparative Analysis of Exosomal Proteins and MicroRNAs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Exosome-mimetic nanocarriers in cancer diagnosis and drug delivery: engineering strategies, functional biomimicry, safety considerations, and clinical translation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- MicroRNA-Directed Biomarkers and Breast Cancer Therapeutics-Potential to Advance Personalised Approaches in Clinical Trials.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- MAGMDA: a multi-order adaptive graph-based miRNA-disease association prediction model.BMC bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Integrating circulating microRNAs with epidemiological factors enhances breast cancer detection across subtypes: the MCC-Spain study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- An RCA-Coupled CRISPR/Cas12a Cascade-Enhanced SERS Platform for Ultrasensitive Detection of Exosomal miRNA-21 in Colorectal Cancer Serum.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- Comparison of the diagnostic power of serum circulating miR-21, VEGF, and CA15-3 in breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Interplay Between MicroRNAs and Breast Cancer Therapies: Personalized Therapeutic Potential for HER2-Low Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
- hsa-miR-21-5p can serve as a standard biomarker in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by promoting tumor progression and influencing immune evasion.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- The recent progress of tumor cell-derived exosomes in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic strategies of tumors.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Text Mining Strategy Identifies Gene Networks Under Control of miR-21 in Breast Cancer Development.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- miRNA panel from HER2+ and CD24+ plasma extracellular vesicle subpopulations as biomarkers of early-stage breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Regulatory Roles of miR-155-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-93-5p, and miR-140-5p in Breast Cancer Progression.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Network-Based Integrative Analysis to Identify Key Genes and Corresponding Reporter Biomolecules for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Bioinformatics Combined With Biological Experiments to Identify the Pathogenetic Link of Type 2 Diabetes for Breast Cancer.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Identification of miR-20a as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Colorectal Cancer: MicroRNA Sequencing and Machine Learning Analysis.MicroRNA (Shariqah, United Arab Emirates) · 2025Article
- Current trends in theranostic applications of extracellular vesicles in cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Exosomal microRNAs: impact on cancer detection, treatment, and monitoring.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeBreast cancer (BC) is characterized by concealed onset, delayed diagnosis, and high fatality rates making it particularly dangerous to patients' health. The purpose of this study was to use comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification to find a new biomarker for BC diagnosis.
methodsWe comprehensively analyzed microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA expression profiles from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and screened out differentially-expressed (DE) miRNAs and mRNAs. We used the miRNet website to predict potential DE-miRNA target genes. Using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), we performed Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses on overlapping potential target genes and DE-mRNAs. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was then established. The miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed using Cytoscape and the analysis results were visualized. We verified the expression of the most up-regulated DE-miRNA using reverse transcription and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction in BC tissue. The diagnostic value of the most up-regulated DE-miRNA was further explored across three levels: plasma-derived exosomes, cells, and cell exosomes.
resultsOur comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and experimental results showed that hsa-miR-21-5p was significantly up-regulated in BC tissue, cells, and exosomes. Our results also revealed that tumor-derived hsa-miR-21-5p could be packaged in exosomes and released into peripheral blood. Additionally, when evaluating the diagnostic value of plasma exosomal hsa-miR-21-5p, we found that it was significantly up-regulated in BC patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis also confirmed that hsa-miR-21-5p could effectively distinguish healthy people from BC patients. The sensitivity and specificity were 86.7% and 93.3%, respectively.
conclusionThis study's results showed that plasma exosomal hsa-miR-21-5p could be used as a biomarker for BC diagnosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.