Observational studyFrontiers in immunology2021
Impaired Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity in a Spanish Cohort of Patients With COVID-19 Admitted to the ICU.
Observational study in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review with meta-analysis of active herpesvirus infections in patients with COVID-19: Old players on the new field.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Viral reactivations and co-infections in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Clinical Features and Outcomes of Patients with Full Spectrum of COVID-19 Severity and Concomitant Herpesvirus Reactivation.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Immune dysregulation and endothelial dysfunction associate with a pro-thrombotic profile in Long COVID.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Fragmentomics of plasma mitochondrial and nuclear DNA inform prognosis in COVID-19 patients with critical symptoms.BMC medical genomics · 2024Article
- Different polarization and functionality of CD4+ T helper subsets in people with post-COVID condition.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
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- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the diagnosis and treatment of onco-hematologic patients: a discussion paper.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2023Review
- Case report: Enhancing prognosis in severe COVID-19 through human herpes virus coinfection treatment strategies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Multifaceted roles of Fcγ receptors in COVID-19 and vaccine responses.American journal of translational research · 2023Review
- NK cell subsets and dysfunction during viral infection: a new avenue for therapeutics?Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
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- Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) Reactivation in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Brief Narrative Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2022Review
- High-affinity FcγRIIIa genetic variants and potent NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses contributing to severe COVID-19.Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2022Article
- Early Cellular and Humoral Responses Developed in Oncohematological Patients after Vaccination with One Dose against COVID-19.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Strong Cellular Immune Response, but Not Humoral, against SARS-CoV-2 in Oncohematological Patients with Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation after Natural Infection.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Protective and pathogenic role of humoral responses in COVID-19.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2022Review
- Dynamics of humoral immune response in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals with different clinical stages.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection causes COVID-19, ranging from mild to critical disease in symptomatic subjects. It is essential to better understand the immunologic responses occurring in patients with the most severe outcomes. In this study, parameters related to the humoral immune response elicited against SARS-CoV-2 were analysed in 61 patients with different presentations of COVID-19 who were recruited in Hospitals and Primary Healthcare Centres in Madrid, Spain, during the first pandemic peak between April and June 2020. Subjects were allocated as mild patients without hospitalization, severe patients hospitalized or critical patients requiring ICU assistance. Critical patients showed significantly enhanced levels of B cells with memory and plasmablast phenotypes, as well as higher levels of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 with neutralization ability, which were particularly increased in male gender. Despite all this, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity was defective in these individuals. Besides, patients with critical COVID-19 also showed increased IgG levels against herpesvirus such as CMV, EBV, HSV-1 and VZV, as well as detectable CMV and EBV viremia in plasma. Altogether, these results suggest an enhanced but ineffectual immune response in patients with critical COVID-19 that allowed latent herpesvirus reactivation. These findings should be considered during the clinical management of these patients due to the potential contribution to the most severe disease during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.