ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles as Antibiotic Delivery Vehicles.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles as emerging biostimulants in plant microbe signaling and stress tolerance.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Engineered outer membrane vesicle-like nanoparticles from Lactobacillus plantarum for oral IL-22 mRNA delivery and treatment of DSS-induced colitis.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
- Activation of cGAS-STING axis by CO@OMVs promote macrophage mitophagy for CIRI treatment.APL bioengineering · 2026Article
- [Preparation of HLYVSPW peptide-displaying outer membrane vesicles and validation of their in vitro targeting effects on triple-negative breast cancer cells].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2026Article
- Outer membrane vesicles hijack TIM-1 for cellular uptake.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Biomedical Research and Clinical Translation.Microbial biotechnology · 2026Review
- Bacterial Membrane Vesicles: Biogenesis, Functions, and Emerging Biotechnological Applications.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Engineered Escherichia coli as a microbial cell factory for intracellular protein delivery: strains, vectors, mechanisms, and therapeutic applications.Microbial cell factories · 2026Review
- From biogenesis to host modulation: the expanding biology of oral streptococcal membrane vesicles.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Porin-Independent Uptake of Small Molecule Antibiotics Facilitated by Escherichia coli Outer Membrane Vesicles.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2026Article
- Engineering Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles as Nanoweapons to Fight against Bacterial Infections.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Unveiling the potential of extracellular and outer membrane vesicles in fish aquaculture: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Overcoming Antibiotic Resistance and Treating Bacterial Infections with Biological Nanoparticles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Translational horizons in bacterial membrane vesicles: Hotspots and frontiers from basic medicine to clinical application by bibliometric analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Bacterial Minicell-Based Biohybrid Sub-micron Swimmers for Targeted Cargo Delivery.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Adaptations of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Response to Antibiotic Pressure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- NDM-5-carried outer membrane vesicles impair the efficacy of antibiotics against bacterial infections.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Breaking barriers: Smart vaccine platforms for cancer immunomodulation.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2025Review
- Beta-Lactam Antibiotics Promote Extracellular Vesicle Production of Staphylococcus aureus Through ROS-Mediated Lipid Metabolic Reprogramming.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Extracellular vesicles of minimalistic Mollicutes as mediators of immune modulation and horizontal gene transfer.Communications biology · 2025Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanometer-scale, spherical vehicles released by Gram-negative bacteria into their surroundings throughout growth. These OMVs have been demonstrated to play key roles in pathogenesis by delivering certain biomolecules to host cells, including toxins and other virulence factors. In addition, this biomolecular delivery function enables OMVs to facilitate intra-bacterial communication processes, such as quorum sensing and horizontal gene transfer. The unique ability of OMVs to deliver large biomolecules across the complex Gram-negative cell envelope has inspired the use of OMVs as antibiotic delivery vehicles to overcome transport limitations. In this review, we describe the advantages, applications, and biotechnological challenges of using OMVs as antibiotic delivery vehicles, studying both natural and engineered antibiotic applications of OMVs. We argue that OMVs hold great promise as antibiotic delivery vehicles, an urgently needed application to combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.