ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Superantigen Recognition and Interactions: Functions, Mechanisms and Applications.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combined immune modulation reveals carbamazepine-associated CD8Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Superantigens in Cancer Immunotherapy: Mechanisms, Engineering Strategies, and Therapeutic Potential.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Review
- Selective Expansion of TCR Vβ2Experimental dermatology · 2026Article
- The efficacy of penicillin in psoriasis: A retrospective chart review.JAAD international · 2026Article
- CD3, CD28, TCRαβ expression and IL-2 production in a spontaneous glycosylphosphatidylinositol-deficient Jurkat T cell line.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- IgA-Dominant Infection-Related Glomerulonephritis Due toKidney medicine · 2026Article
- CD45 as a multifunctional target in immune regulation and therapeutic delivery.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Multivalent nanobodies for potent and broad neutralization of Staphylococcus aureus toxins.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Identifying Cytokine Motif-Containing, Immunomodulatory Bacterial Proteins in Human Gut Microbiome.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Overview of T-cell subsets and related cytokines in Kawasaki disease.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Apigenin Upregulates Regulatory B Cells, Suppresses Class Switch Recombination, and Restores Immune Homeostasis to Treat Autoimmune Arthritis and Sepsis.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
- T cell antigenic recognition sequencing (TAR-seq) enables precise characterization of vaccine-elicited cellular immunity ex vivo andFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A superantigen-based MHC class II-targeted cancer immunotherapy for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.Blood cancer journal · 2025Article
- Immunopathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Interplay of Innate and Adaptive Immunity, Microbiome Dysbiosis, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2025Review
- A general system for targeting MHC class II-antigen complex via a single adaptable loop.Nature biotechnology · 2025Article
- The Susceptibility Profiles of Human Peripheral Blood Cells toMicroorganisms · 2025Review
- IgG Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis: Deciphering Their Puzzling Protein A Connection.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- A highly neutralizing human monoclonal antibody targeting a novel linear epitope on staphylococcal enterotoxin B.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Continuous Oral Administration of the Superantigen Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C2 Activates Intestinal Immunity and Modulates the Gut Microbiota in Mice.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- High-Affinity Superantigen-Based Trifunctional Immune Cell Engager Synergizes NK and T Cell Activation for Tumor Suppression.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Superantigens are unconventional antigens which recognise immune receptors outside their usual recognition sites e.g. complementary determining regions (CDRs), to elicit a response within the target cell. T-cell superantigens crosslink T-cell receptors and MHC Class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells, leading to lymphocyte recruitment, induction of cytokine storms and T-cell anergy or apoptosis among many other effects. B-cell superantigens, on the other hand, bind immunoglobulins on B-cells, affecting opsonisation, IgG-mediated phagocytosis, and driving apoptosis. Here, through a review of the structural basis for recognition of immune receptors by superantigens, we show that their binding interfaces share specific physicochemical characteristics when compared with other protein-protein interaction complexes. Given that antibody-binding superantigens have been exploited extensively in industrial antibody purification, these observations could facilitate further protein engineering to optimize the use of superantigens in this and other areas of biotechnology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.