Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34616392›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021

Precision Engineering of an Anti-HLA-A2 Chimeric Antigen Receptor in Regulatory T Cells for Transplant Immune Tolerance.

Yannick D Muller, Leonardo M R Ferreira, Emilie Ronin, Patrick Ho, Vinh Nguyen, Gaetano Faleo, Yu Zhou, Karim Lee, Kevin K Leung, Nikolaos Skartsis and 6 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
72citing papers in PubMed
5.0field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

72 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Engineering CAR-Tregs with Phage-Selected scFv Enables a New Paradigm for Immune Regulation.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2026
    Review
  6. Dual CD8 and TCR editing in regulatory T cells mediates HLA-A2-restricted tissue-specific homing.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026
    Article
  7. CAR-mediated release of IL-10 increases the function of regulatory T cells: Relevance for future clinical application.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Targeting PD-1Science advances · 2026
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. CD8 regulatory T cell therapy in transplantation: a new path to clinical success?Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2026
    Article
  16. Why Did Treg and Immune Tolerance Win Nobel Prize This Year?Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics · 2025
    Article
  17. From rough to refined: Applying diamond standards to CAR Treg development.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025
    Article
  18. Why regulatory T cells love lactic acid.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Yannick D MullerDepartment of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Leonardo M R FerreiraDepartment of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Emilie RoninDepartment of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Patrick HoDepartment of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Vinh NguyenDepartment of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Gaetano FaleoDepartment of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Yu ZhouDepartment of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Karim LeeDepartment of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Kevin K LeungDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Nikolaos SkartsisDepartment of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Anupurna M KaulDepartment of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Arend MulderDepartment of Immunohaematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Frans H J ClaasDepartment of Immunohaematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
James A WellsDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Jeffrey A BluestoneDiabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Qizhi TangDepartment of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
University of California, San Francisco · USLeiden University Medical Center · NLSan Francisco General Hospital · US

Funding

Research BaseP30DK063720 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI VAISSE, CHRISTIAN · 2003 to 2019
$21.8M
Designer Tregs for restoring tolerance in patients with type 1 diabetesUC4DK116264 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI BLUESTONE, JEFFREY A, LIM, WENDELL A · 2017 to 2017
$3.4M
NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK063720NIDDK NIH HHS UC4 DK116264
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Infusion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) engineered with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting donor-derived human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is a promising strategy to promote transplant tolerance. Here, we describe an anti-HLA-A2 CAR (A2-CAR) generated by grafting the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of a human monoclonal anti-HLA-A2 antibody into the framework regions of the Herceptin 4D5 single-chain variable fragment and fusing it with a CD28-ζ signaling domain. The CDR-grafted A2-CAR maintained the specificity of the original antibody. We then generated HLA-A2 mono-specific human CAR Tregs either by deleting the endogenous T-cell receptor (TCR)

Indexed as

Transplantation ToleranceAnimalsAntibodiesCell EngineeringFemaleGraft vs Host DiseaseHLA-A2 AntigenHumansImmunotherapy, AdoptiveMaleMiceMice, Inbred NODReceptors, Antigen, T-CellReceptors, Chimeric AntigenT-Lymphocytes, RegulatoryAntibodiesHLA-A2 AntigenReceptors, Antigen, T-CellReceptors, Chimeric Antigenchimeric antigen receptorgenome editingHLAhumanized mouse modelimmune toleranceregulatory T cellstransplantationTreg

Identifiers

PMID34616392
PMCPMC8488356
OpenAlexW3198942109

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.