ArticleScientific reports2021
Optimizing the synthesis and purification of MS2 virus like particles.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineering Microbial Particles for Next-Generation Biomedical Platforms.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Downstream Purification Strategies for Virus-like Particles: A Systematic Review of Structure Preservation, Impurity Control, and Viral Safety.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Engineering complexity into protein-based biomaterials for biomedical applications.Nature reviews. Materials · 2026Article
- Virus-like particles based on plant viruses and bacteriophages: emerging strategies for the delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics.Chemical science · 2026Review
- Self-Assembling Nanoparticle Enhances RNA Interference Efficiency againstJournal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2026Article
- Armored RNA technology as a clinical diagnostics tool for future pandemic preparedness.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2-derived RNA replicons as safe and effective vaccines.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- A universal viral capsid protein based one step RNA synthesis and packaging system for rapid and efficient mRNA vaccine development.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Phage-based delivery systems: engineering, applications, and challenges in nanomedicines.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- A universal design of restructured dimer antigens: Development of a superior vaccine against the paramyxovirus in transgenic rice.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Nanovaccines Displaying the Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin in an Inverted Orientation Elicit an Enhanced Stalk-Directed Antibody Response.Advanced healthcare materials · 2023Article
- Yeast-Based Virus-like Particles as an Emerging Platform for Vaccine Development and Delivery.Vaccines · 2023Review
- One-plasmid double-expression system for preparation of MS2 virus-like particles packaging SARS-CoV-2 RNA.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Assembly of Protein Cages for Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Virus-like Particles as Nanocarriers for Intracellular Delivery of Biomolecules and Compounds.Viruses · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introducing bacteriophage MS2 virus-like particles (VLPs) as gene and drug delivery tools increases the demand for optimizing their production and purification procedure. PEG precipitation method is used efficiently to purify VLPs, while the effects of pH and different electrolytes on the stability, size, and homogeneity of purified MS2 VLPs, and the encapsulated RNA sequences remained to be elucidated. In this regard, a vector, capable of producing VLP with an shRNA packed inside was prepared. The resulting VLPs in different buffers/solutions were assessed for their size, polydispersity index, and ability to protect the enclosed shRNA. We report that among Tris, HEPES, and PBS, with or without NaNO3, and also NaNO3 alone in different pH and ionic concentrations, the 100 mM NaNO3-Tris buffer with pH:8 can be used as a new and optimal MS2 VLP production buffer, capable of inhibiting the VLPs aggregation. These VLPs show a size range of 27-30 nm and suitable homogeneity with minimum 12-month stability at 4 °C. Moreover, the resulting MS2 VLPs were highly efficient and stable for at least 48 h in conditions similar to in vivo. These features of MS2 VLPs produced in the newly introduced buffer make them an appropriate candidate for therapeutic agents' delivery.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.