Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34615862›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

Embodied intelligence via learning and evolution.

Agrim Gupta, Silvio Savarese, Surya Ganguli, Li Fei-Fei

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
42citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

42 citing papers in PubMed.

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  11. A detachable crawling robotic hand.Nature communications · 2026
    Article
  12. Reinforcement learning-based control co-design of digital twin-enabled full-vehicle active suspension systems.Structural and multidisciplinary optimization : journal of the International Society for Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization · 2026
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  19. Optomechanical reservoir computing.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Agrim GuptaDepartment of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. agrim@stanford.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-5213-0224
Silvio SavareseDepartment of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Surya GanguliDepartment of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Li Fei-FeiDepartment of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. feifeili@stanford.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-7481-0810

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The intertwined processes of learning and evolution in complex environmental niches have resulted in a remarkable diversity of morphological forms. Moreover, many aspects of animal intelligence are deeply embodied in these evolved morphologies. However, the principles governing relations between environmental complexity, evolved morphology, and the learnability of intelligent control, remain elusive, because performing large-scale in silico experiments on evolution and learning is challenging. Here, we introduce Deep Evolutionary Reinforcement Learning (DERL): a computational framework which can evolve diverse agent morphologies to learn challenging locomotion and manipulation tasks in complex environments. Leveraging DERL we demonstrate several relations between environmental complexity, morphological intelligence and the learnability of control. First, environmental complexity fosters the evolution of morphological intelligence as quantified by the ability of a morphology to facilitate the learning of novel tasks. Second, we demonstrate a morphological Baldwin effect i.e., in our simulations evolution rapidly selects morphologies that learn faster, thereby enabling behaviors learned late in the lifetime of early ancestors to be expressed early in the descendants lifetime. Third, we suggest a mechanistic basis for the above relationships through the evolution of morphologies that are more physically stable and energy efficient, and can therefore facilitate learning and control.

Indexed as

Biological EvolutionDeep LearningRewardAnimalsComputer Simulation

Identifiers

PMID34615862
PMCPMC8494941

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.