ArticleBMJ open2021
Dementia and disadvantage in the USA and England: population-based comparative study.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- The sociological stakes of attitudes toward the families and care of older adults with dementia.Sociological forum (Randolph, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Cross national comparison of memory function before and after a cancer diagnosis in the United States and England.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026Article
- Age at dementia diagnosis, subtype associations, and neuroimaging differentiation in Bangladesh: The CARED study.PloS one · 2026Observational
- Inequalities in the burden of disease due to dementia, including Alzheimer disease, in British Columbia, Canada, from 2001 to 2022.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2025Article
- Article
- Generational Differences in Age-Specific Dementia Prevalence Rates.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Incidence and prevalence of dementia among US Medicare beneficiaries, 2015-21: population based study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Article
- Lifetime Socioeconomic Status, Cognitive Decline, and Brain Characteristics.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Personality and cognitive errors in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study.Journal of research in personality · 2024Article
- Dementia incidence trend in England and Wales, 2002-19, and projection for dementia burden to 2040: analysis of data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.The Lancet. Public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Predictors of falls in older adults with and without dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
- Examining the Impact of Socioeconomic Position Across the Life Course on Cognitive Function and Brain Structure in Healthy Aging.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2023Article
- Air pollution, dementia, and lifespan in the socio-economic gradient of aging: perspective on human aging for planning future experimental studies.Frontiers in aging · 2023Article
- How should we fund end-of-life care in the US?Lancet regional health. Americas · 2022Review
- Variation in depression's impact on dementia risk by age in adults aged ≥75 years.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo compare dementia prevalence and how it varies by socioeconomic status (SES) across the USA and England.
designPopulation-based comparative study.
settingNon-Hispanic whites aged over 70 population in the USA and England.
participantsData from the Health and Retirement Study and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, which are harmonised, nationally representative panel studies. The sample includes 5330 and 3147 individuals in the USA and England, respectively.
main outcome measuresBetween country differences in age-gender standardised dementia prevalence, across the SES gradient. Dementia prevalence was estimated in each country using an algorithm based on an identical battery of demographic, cognitive and functional measures.
resultsDementia prevalence is higher among the disadvantaged in both countries, with the USA being more unequal according to four measures of SES. Overall prevalence was lower in England at 9.7% (95% CI 8.9% to 10.6%) than the USA at 11.2% (95% CI 10.6% to 11.8%), a difference of 1.4 percentage points (pp) (p=0.0055). Most of the between country difference is driven by the bottom of the SES distribution. In the lowest income decile individuals in the USA had 7.3 pp (p<0.0001) higher prevalence than in England. Once past health factors and education were controlled for, most of the within country inequalities disappeared; however, the cross-country difference in prevalence for those in lowest income decile remained disproportionately high.
conclusionsThere is inequality in dementia prevalence according to income, wealth and education in both the USA and England. England has lower dementia prevalence and a less steep SES gradient. Most of the cross-country difference is concentrated in the lowest SES group, which provides evidence that disadvantage in the USA is a disproportionately high risk factor for dementia.
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