ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2021
Maternal exposure to life events during pregnancy and congenital heart disease in offspring: a case-control study in a Chinese population.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Patterns and Associated Factors of Congenital Anomalies Among Neonates in 14 Yemeni Governorates 2021-2023: A Case: Control Study.Global epidemiology · 2025Article
- Maternal periconceptional environmental exposure and offspring with congenital heart disease: a case-control study in Guangzhou, China.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- Risk and protective factors related to having a child with congenital heart diseases (CHD): a case-control study in Iran.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- The prevalence and associated factors of prenatal depression and anxiety in twin pregnancy: a cross-sectional study in Chongqing, China.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies have suggested that maternal stress could increase the risk of some adverse pregnancy outcomes, but evidence on congenital heart disease (CHD) is limited. We aimed to explore the association between maternal exposure to life events during pregnancy and CHD in offspring.
methodsThe data was based on an unmatched case-control study about CHD conducted in Shaanxi province of China from 2014 to 2016. We included 2280 subjects, 699 in the case group and 1581 in the control group. The cases were infants or fetuses diagnosed with CHD, and the controls were infants without any birth defects. The life events were assessed by the Life Events Scale for Pregnant Women, and were divided into positive and negative events for synchronous analysis. A directed acyclic graph was drawn to screen the confounders. Logistic regression was employed to estimate the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for the effects of life events on CHD.
resultsAfter controlling for the potential confounders, the pregnant women experiencing the positive events during pregnancy had lower risk of CHD in offspring than those without positive events (OR = 0.38, 95%CI: 0.30 ~ 0.48). The risk of CHD in offspring could increase by 62% among the pregnant women experiencing the negative events compared to those without (OR = 1.62, 95%CI: 1.29 ~ 2.03). Both effects showed a certain dose-response association. Besides, the positive events could weaken the risk impact of negative events on CHD.
conclusionIt may suggest that maternal exposure to negative life events could increase the risk of CHD in offspring, while experiencing positive events could play a potential protective role.
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