ArticleDevelopmental cell2021
Opposing motors provide mechanical and functional robustness in the human spindle.
Article in Developmental cell, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Activation and regulation of the dynein-dynactin-NuMA complex.Nature chemical biology · 2026Article
- Mechanical force locally damages, remodels, and stabilizes the lattice of spindle microtubules.Current biology : CB · 2026Article
- Eg5 activity and density-driven bundling organize the human metaphase mitotic spindle independently of spindle bipolarity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Non-transport functions of motor proteins in corticogenesis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- The mechanoresponsive chromosomal passenger complex sustains furrow ingression under confinement.Journal of molecular cell biology · 2025Article
- Kinesin Spindle Protein (KIF11) in Mitosis and Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- NuMA mechanically reinforces the spindle independently of its partner dynein.Current biology : CB · 2025Article
- NuMA mechanically reinforces the spindle independently of its partner dynein.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Force-transducing molecular ensembles at growing microtubule tips control mitotic spindle size.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Microtubule choreography: spindle self-organization during cell division.Biophysical reviews · 2024Review
- Torques within and outside the human spindle balance twist at anaphase.The Journal of cell biology · 2024Article
- Human kinesin-5 KIF11 drives the helical motion of anti-parallel and parallel microtubules around each other.The EMBO journal · 2024Article
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- Torques within and outside the human spindle balance twist at anaphase.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Redundant microtubule crosslinkers prevent meiotic spindle bending to ensure diploid offspring in C. elegans.PLoS genetics · 2023Article
- Mechanical coupling coordinates microtubule growth.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- A fine balance among key biophysical factors is required for recovery of bipolar mitotic spindle from monopolar and multipolar abnormalities.Molecular biology of the cell · 2023Article
- Mechanisms underlying spindle assembly and robustness.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2023Review
- Kinetochore-fiber lengths are maintained locally but coordinated globally by poles in the mammalian spindle.eLife · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
At each cell division, the spindle self-organizes from microtubules and motors. In human spindles, the motors dynein and Eg5 generate contractile and extensile stress, respectively. Inhibiting dynein or its targeting factor NuMA leads to unfocused, turbulent spindles, and inhibiting Eg5 leads to monopoles; yet, bipolar spindles form when both are inhibited together. What, then, are the roles of these opposing motors? Here, we generate NuMA/dynein- and Eg5-doubly inhibited spindles that not only attain a typical metaphase shape and size but also undergo anaphase. However, these spindles have reduced microtubule dynamics and are mechanically fragile, fracturing under force. Furthermore, they exhibit lagging chromosomes and a dramatic left-handed twist at anaphase. Thus, although these opposing motors are not required for spindle shape, they are essential to its mechanical and functional robustness. This work suggests a design principle whereby opposing active stresses provide robustness to force-generating cellular structures.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.