ArticleThe New England journal of medicine2021
Waning of BNT162b2 Vaccine Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Qatar.
Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in The New England journal of medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 554 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
554citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
51.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
554 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 853 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prior infections and effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in test-negative studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Pooled it
- Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among healthy blood donors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Evaluation of Waning of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Induced Immunity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- Long-term effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against infections, hospitalisations, and mortality in adults: findings from a rapid living systematic evidence synthesis and meta-analysis up to December, 2022.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Real-world effectiveness and factors associated with effectiveness of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.BMC medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Predicting vaccine effectiveness against severe COVID-19 over time and against variants: a meta-analysis.Nature communications · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of heterologous boosting with a novel chimera Chinese mRNA (RQ3013) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: A randomized, double-blind, active-controlled trial.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Trial
- Neutralizing antibody immune correlates in COVAIL trial recipients of an mRNA second COVID-19 vaccine boost.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Stochastic interventional approach to assessing immune correlates of protection: Application to the COVE messenger RNA-1273 vaccine trial.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023Trial
- Comparison of bivalent and monovalent SARS-CoV-2 variant vaccines: the phase 2 randomized open-label COVAIL trial.Nature medicine · 2023Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of Ad5-nCoV immunization after three-dose priming with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Chinese adults.Nature communications · 2023Trial
- A vaccination model for COVID-19 with asymptomatic transmission, waning immunity, and outbreak calibration.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2027Article
- Two Versus One COVID-19 Vaccine Dose After Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Evaluating COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness across epidemiologic designs: test-negative case-control versus retrospective cohort analyses in a nationwide study.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Emerging Novel SARS-CoV-2 Subvariants and the Advantages of AI-ML in Deciphering the Mutation Trends, Genomic Surveillance and Vaccine Development.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Improving Assessment of Vaccine Effectiveness by Coupling Test-negative Design Studies with Survival Models.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Exploring community-level gut health amidst COVID-19 pandemic: a proposed application of longitudinal wastewater surveillance.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2026Article
- Breakthrough COVID-19 infections among healthcare workers at a tertiary care hospital in Beirut: Prevalence and determinants.IJID regions · 2026Article
- mRNA COVID-19 vaccines: science versus misinformation.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
494 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
24 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Hiam ChemaitellyFrom the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), the Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., P.C., G.K.N.), the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, and the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), Qatar University, Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.K., E.A.K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.); and the Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York (A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.).
Patrick TangFrom the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), the Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., P.C., G.K.N.), the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, and the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), Qatar University, Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.K., E.A.K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.); and the Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York (A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.).ORCID 0000-0003-1583-5484
Mohammad R HasanFrom the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), the Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., P.C., G.K.N.), the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, and the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), Qatar University, Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.K., E.A.K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.); and the Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York (A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.).
Sawsan AlMukdadFrom the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), the Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., P.C., G.K.N.), the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, and the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), Qatar University, Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.K., E.A.K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.); and the Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York (A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.).
Hadi M YassineFrom the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), the Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., P.C., G.K.N.), the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, and the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), Qatar University, Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.K., E.A.K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.); and the Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York (A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.).
Fatiha M BenslimaneFrom the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), the Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., P.C., G.K.N.), the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, and the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), Qatar University, Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.K., E.A.K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.); and the Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York (A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.).
Hebah A Al KhatibFrom the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), the Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., P.C., G.K.N.), the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, and the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), Qatar University, Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.K., E.A.K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.); and the Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York (A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.).
Peter CoyleFrom the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), the Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., P.C., G.K.N.), the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, and the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), Qatar University, Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.K., E.A.K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.); and the Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York (A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.).
Houssein H AyoubFrom the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), the Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., P.C., G.K.N.), the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, and the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), Qatar University, Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.K., E.A.K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.); and the Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York (A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.).ORCID 0000-0003-2512-6657
Zaina Al KanaaniFrom the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), the Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., P.C., G.K.N.), the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, and the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), Qatar University, Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.K., E.A.K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.); and the Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York (A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.).
Einas Al KuwariFrom the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), the Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., P.C., G.K.N.), the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, and the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), Qatar University, Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.K., E.A.K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.); and the Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York (A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.).
Andrew JeremijenkoFrom the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), the Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., P.C., G.K.N.), the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, and the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), Qatar University, Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.K., E.A.K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.); and the Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York (A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.).
Anvar H KaleeckalFrom the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), the Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., P.C., G.K.N.), the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, and the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), Qatar University, Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.K., E.A.K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.); and the Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York (A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.).
Ali N LatifFrom the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), the Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., P.C., G.K.N.), the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, and the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), Qatar University, Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.K., E.A.K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.); and the Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York (A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.).
Riyazuddin M ShaikFrom the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), the Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., P.C., G.K.N.), the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, and the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), Qatar University, Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.K., E.A.K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.); and the Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York (A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.).
Hanan F Abdul RahimFrom the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), the Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., P.C., G.K.N.), the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, and the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), Qatar University, Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.K., E.A.K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.); and the Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York (A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.).
Gheyath K NasrallahFrom the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), the Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., P.C., G.K.N.), the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, and the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), Qatar University, Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.K., E.A.K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.); and the Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York (A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.).
Mohamed G Al KuwariFrom the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), the Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., P.C., G.K.N.), the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, and the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), Qatar University, Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.K., E.A.K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.); and the Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York (A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.).
Hamad E Al RomaihiFrom the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), the Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., P.C., G.K.N.), the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, and the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), Qatar University, Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.K., E.A.K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.); and the Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York (A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.).
Adeel A ButtFrom the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), the Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., P.C., G.K.N.), the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, and the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), Qatar University, Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.K., E.A.K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.); and the Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York (A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.).ORCID 0000-0002-1118-1826
Mohamed H Al-ThaniFrom the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), the Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., P.C., G.K.N.), the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, and the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), Qatar University, Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.K., E.A.K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.); and the Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York (A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.).
Abdullatif Al KhalFrom the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), the Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., P.C., G.K.N.), the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, and the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), Qatar University, Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.K., E.A.K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.); and the Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York (A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.).
Roberto BertolliniFrom the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), the Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., P.C., G.K.N.), the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, and the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), Qatar University, Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.K., E.A.K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.); and the Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York (A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.).
Laith J Abu-RaddadFrom the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (H.C., S.A., L.J.A.-R.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), the Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., P.C., G.K.N.), the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., F.M.B., H.A.A.K., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, and the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), Qatar University, Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.K., E.A.K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.); and the Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York (A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.).ORCID 0000-0003-0790-0506
Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar · QA
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWaning of vaccine protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a concern. The persistence of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine effectiveness against infection and disease in Qatar, where the B.1.351 (or beta) and B.1.617.2 (or delta) variants have dominated incidence and polymerase-chain-reaction testing is done on a mass scale, is unclear.
methodsWe used a matched test-negative, case-control study design to estimate vaccine effectiveness against any SARS-CoV-2 infection and against any severe, critical, or fatal case of Covid-19, from January 1 to September 5, 2021.
resultsEstimated BNT162b2 effectiveness against any SARS-CoV-2 infection was negligible in the first 2 weeks after the first dose. It increased to 36.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 33.2 to 40.2) in the third week after the first dose and reached its peak at 77.5% (95% CI, 76.4 to 78.6) in the first month after the second dose. Effectiveness declined gradually thereafter, with the decline accelerating after the fourth month to reach approximately 20% in months 5 through 7 after the second dose. Effectiveness against symptomatic infection was higher than effectiveness against asymptomatic infection but waned similarly. Variant-specific effectiveness waned in the same pattern. Effectiveness against any severe, critical, or fatal case of Covid-19 increased rapidly to 66.1% (95% CI, 56.8 to 73.5) by the third week after the first dose and reached 96% or higher in the first 2 months after the second dose; effectiveness persisted at approximately this level for 6 months.
conclusionsBNT162b2-induced protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection appeared to wane rapidly following its peak after the second dose, but protection against hospitalization and death persisted at a robust level for 6 months after the second dose. (Funded by Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar and others.).
Indexed as
Immunogenicity, VaccineVaccine Efficacy2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273AdultAgedBNT162 VaccineBreakthrough InfectionsCase-Control StudiesCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesFemaleHumansImmunization, SecondaryMaleMiddle AgedQatar2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273BNT162 VaccineCOVID-19 Vaccines
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.