Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34612831›Full record

ArticleJMIR mHealth and uHealth2021

Open-source Longitudinal Sleep Analysis From Accelerometer Data (DPSleep): Algorithm Development and Validation.

Habiballah Rahimi-Eichi, Garth Coombs Iii, Constanza M Vidal Bustamante, Jukka-Pekka Onnela, Justin T Baker, Randy L Buckner

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  12. A narrative review on in-flight use of consumer sleep technologies for aviation research.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Habiballah Rahimi-EichiDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-4575-0273
Garth Coombs IiiDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-1628-6870
Constanza M Vidal BustamanteDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-1930-7179
Jukka-Pekka OnnelaDepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-6613-8668
Justin T BakerInstitute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-6629-2195
Randy L BucknerDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-6422-8037
Harvard University · US

Funding

The neural network of OCD, linking NHP and human studiesP50MH106435 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI Suzanne N Haber · 2015 to 2026
$28.9M
Robust Predictors of Mania and PsychosisU01MH116925 · NIMH · MCLEAN HOSPITAL · PI BAKER, JUSTIN T, RAUCH, SCOTT L · 2018 to 2022
$3.2M
Using mobile phones for social and behavioral sensing of mood disorder patientsDP2MH103909 · NIMH · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI ONNELA, JUKKA-PEKKA · 2013 to 2013
$2.4M
NIMH NIH HHS DP2 MH103909NIMH NIH HHS P50 MH106435NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH116925
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWearable devices are now widely available to collect continuous objective behavioral data from individuals and to measure sleep.

objectiveThis study aims to introduce a pipeline to infer sleep onset, duration, and quality from raw accelerometer data and then quantify the relationships between derived sleep metrics and other variables of interest.

methodsThe pipeline released here for the deep phenotyping of sleep, as the DPSleep software package, uses a stepwise algorithm to detect missing data; within-individual, minute-based, spectral power percentiles of activity; and iterative, forward-and-backward-sliding windows to estimate the major Sleep Episode onset and offset. Software modules allow for manual quality control adjustment of the derived sleep features and correction for time zone changes. In this paper, we have illustrated the pipeline with data from participants studied for more than 200 days each.

resultsActigraphy-based measures of sleep duration were associated with self-reported sleep quality ratings. Simultaneous measures of smartphone use and GPS location data support the validity of the sleep timing inferences and reveal how phone measures of sleep timing can differ from actigraphy data.

conclusionsWe discuss the use of DPSleep in relation to other available sleep estimation approaches and provide example use cases that include multi-dimensional, deep longitudinal phenotyping, extended measurement of dynamics associated with mental illness, and the possibility of combining wearable actigraphy and personal electronic device data (eg, smartphones and tablets) to measure individual differences across a wide range of behavioral variations in health and disease. A new open-source pipeline for deep phenotyping of sleep, DPSleep, analyzes raw accelerometer data from wearable devices and estimates sleep onset and offset while allowing for manual quality control adjustments.

Indexed as

ActigraphyWearable Electronic DevicesAlgorithmsHumansSleepSmartphoneaccelerometeractigraphydeep-phenotypingmobile phonesleepsmartphone

Identifiers

PMID34612831
PMCPMC8529474
OpenAlexW3187427440

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.