Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34612204›Full record

ArticleeLife2021

Closed-loop auditory stimulation method to modulate sleep slow waves and motor learning performance in rats.

Carlos G Moreira, Christian R Baumann, Maurizio Scandella, Sergio I Nemirovsky, Sven Leach, Reto Huber, Daniela Noain

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in eLife, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  3. Auditory-evoked changes in slow oscillations and spindles correlate with memory consolidation in children with epilepsy and controls.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
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  9. A Miniature Wireless Device for Closed-Loop Auditory Sleep Modulation.International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering : [proceedings]. International IEEE EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering · 2025
    Article
  10. Multi-region processing during sleep for memory and cognition.Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.

Carlos G MoreiraDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-3197-3668
Christian R BaumannDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-3417-1978
Maurizio ScandellaDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Sergio I NemirovskyInstitute of Biological Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences (IQUIBICEN). CONICET - University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Sven LeachChild Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Reto HuberUniversity Center of Competence Sleep & Health Zurich (CRPP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Daniela NoainDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-5482-7933
University of Zurich · CHConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas · AR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Slow waves and cognitive output have been modulated in humans by phase-targeted auditory stimulation. However, to advance its technical development and further our understanding, implementation of the method in animal models is indispensable. Here, we report the successful employment of slow waves' phase-targeted closed-loop auditory stimulation (CLAS) in rats. To validate this new tool both conceptually and functionally, we tested the effects of up- and down-phase CLAS on proportions and spectral characteristics of sleep, and on learning performance in the single-pellet reaching task, respectively. Without affecting 24 hr sleep-wake behavior, CLAS specifically altered delta (slow waves) and sigma (sleep spindles) power persistently over chronic periods of stimulation. While up-phase CLAS does not elicit a significant change in behavioral performance, down-phase CLAS exerted a detrimental effect on overall engagement and success rate in the behavioral test. Overall CLAS-dependent spectral changes were positively correlated with learning performance. Altogether, our results provide proof-of-principle evidence that phase-targeted CLAS of slow waves in rodents is efficient, safe, and stable over chronic experimental periods, enabling the use of this high-specificity tool for basic and preclinical translational sleep research.

Indexed as

Acoustic StimulationAnimalsConditioning, OperantElectroencephalographyElectromyographyLearningMaleRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySleepSleep, Slow-Waveclosed-loop auditory stimulationmotor learningneuroscienceratsleep modulationsleep slow waves

Identifiers

PMID34612204
PMCPMC8530509
OpenAlexW3202683708

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.