Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34611928›Full record

ArticleAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)2021

Optimized Photoclick (Bio)Resins for Fast Volumetric Bioprinting.

Riccardo Rizzo, Dominic Ruetsche, Hao Liu, Marcy Zenobi-Wong

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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  14. Mechanism Inversion in Visible Light-Induced Photoclick Reactions.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Riccardo RizzoTissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8297-6776
Dominic RuetscheTissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6394-201X
Hao LiuTissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8301-6870
Marcy Zenobi-WongTissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-9909

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Volumetric printing (VP) is a light-mediated technique enabling printing of complex, low-defect 3D objects within seconds, overcoming major drawbacks of layer-by-layer additive manufacturing. An optimized photoresin is presented for VP in the presence of cells (volumetric bioprinting) based on fast thiol-ene step-growth photoclick crosslinking. Gelatin-norbornene (Gel-NB) photoresin shows superior performance, both in physicochemical and biocompatibility aspects, compared to (meth-)acryloyl resins. The extremely efficient thiol-norbornene reaction produces the fastest VP reported to date (≈10 s), with significantly lower polymer content, degree of substitution (DS), and radical species, making it more suitable for cell encapsulation. This approach enables the generation of cellular free-form constructs with excellent cell viability (≈100%) and tissue maturation potential, demonstrated by development of contractile myotubes. Varying the DS, polymer content, thiol-ene ratio, and thiolated crosslinker allows fine-tuning of mechanical properties over a broad stiffness range (≈40 Pa to ≈15 kPa). These properties are achieved through fast and scalable methods for producing Gel-NB with inexpensive, off-the-shelf reagents that can help establish it as the gold standard for light-mediated biofabrication techniques. With potential applications from high-throughput bioprinting of tissue models to soft robotics and regenerative medicine, this work paves the way for exploitation of VPs unprecedented capabilities.

Indexed as

BioprintingGelatinHydrogelsNorbornanesPolymersPrinting, Three-DimensionalSulfhydryl CompoundsTissue EngineeringTissue ScaffoldsGelatinHydrogelsNorbornanesPolymersSulfhydryl Compoundsbioprintinggelatinphotoclickthiol-enevolumetric

Identifiers

PMID34611928
PMCPMC11468798

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.