ArticleMagnetic resonance in medicine2022
Pilot tone navigation for respiratory and cardiac motion-resolved free-running 5D flow MRI.
Article in Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) for Low-Latency Real-Time Cardiac MRI.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- Fully self-gated dual-venc five-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging for simultaneous imaging of the cardiovascular and portal venous systems: A feasibility study.Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance · 2026Article
- Quantitative Confounder Analysis of Electrocardiogram Signals in Cardiac Magnetic Resonance at 1.5, 3 and 7 T-Assessing Standardized Electrode Positions and Sequence Types-Towards Quality Assurance.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2026Article
- Automatic Respiratory and Bulk Patient Motion Corrected 3D Fetal MRI.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- Comparison of free-running whole-heart five-dimensional and four-dimensional flow imaging to standard two-dimensional flow in patients with congenital heart disease.Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance · 2026Article
- Prospective Respiratory Motion Correction Using Machine Learning and Pilot Tone (PROMPT) in Cardiac MRI.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- 4D Flow MRI at 0.6 T-Self-Gating Versus Camera-Based Respiratory Binning.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Automated adaptive detection and reconstruction of quiescent cardiac phases in free-running whole-heart acquisitions using Synchronicity Maps from PHysiological mOtioN In Cine (SYMPHONIC) MRI.Magma (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Contactless cardiac gating at 0.55T using high-amplitude pilot tone with interference cancellation (HAPTIC).Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2025Article
- Advantages of BioMatrix respiratory gating in free-breathing three-dimensional magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography: a prospective comparative study.Insights into imaging · 2025Article
- Beat Pilot Tone (BPT): Simultaneous MRI and RF motion sensing at arbitrary frequencies.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2024Article
- Free-Running Cardiac and Respiratory Motion-Resolved Imaging: A Paradigm Shift for Managing Motion in Cardiac MRI?Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Preliminary Experience with Three Alternative Motion Sensors for 0.55 Tesla MR Imaging.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Two-center validation of Pilot Tone based cardiac triggering of a comprehensive cardiovascular magnetic resonance examination.The international journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2024Article
- Combined free-running four-dimensional anatomical and flow magnetic resonance imaging with native contrast using Synchronization of Neighboring Acquisitions by Physiological Signals.Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance · 2024Article
- Cardiac and respiratory motion extraction for MRI using pilot tone-a patient study.The international journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2024Article
- 4D Flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance consensus statement: 2023 update.Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance · 2023Review
- Two-center validation of Pilot Tone Based Cardiac Triggering of a Comprehensive Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Examination.Research square · 2023Article
- Focused navigation for respiratory-motion-corrected free-running radial 4D flow MRI.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2023Article
- External Hardware and Sensors, for Improved MRI.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeIn this work, we integrated the pilot tone (PT) navigation system into a reconstruction framework for respiratory and cardiac motion-resolved 5D flow. We tested the hypotheses that PT would provide equivalent respiratory curves, cardiac triggers, and corresponding flow measurements to a previously established self-gating (SG) technique while being independent from changes to the acquisition parameters.
methodsFifteen volunteers and 9 patients were scanned with a free-running 5D flow sequence, with PT integrated. Respiratory curves and cardiac triggers from PT and SG were compared across all subjects. Flow measurements from 5D flow reconstructions using both PT and SG were compared to each other and to a reference electrocardiogram-gated and respiratory triggered 4D flow acquisition. Radial trajectories with variable readouts per interleave were also tested in 1 subject to compare cardiac trigger quality between PT and SG.
resultsThe correlation between PT and SG respiratory curves were 0.95 ± 0.06 for volunteers and 0.95 ± 0.04 for patients. Heartbeat duration measurements in volunteers and patients showed a bias to electrocardiogram measurements of, respectively, 0.16 ± 64.94 ms and 0.01 ± 39.29 ms for PT versus electrocardiogram and of 0.24 ± 63.68 ms and 0.09 ± 32.79 ms for SG versus electrocardiogram. No significant differences were reported for the flow measurements between 5D flow PT and from 5D flow SG. A decrease in the cardiac triggering quality of SG was observed for increasing readouts per interleave, whereas PT quality remained constant.
conclusionPT has been successfully integrated in 5D flow MRI and has shown equivalent results to the previously described 5D flow SG technique, while being completely acquisition-independent.
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