ArticleAmerican journal of preventive cardiology2021
Meta-analysis of effect of vegetarian diet on ischemic heart disease and all-cause mortality.
Article in American journal of preventive cardiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vegetarian and Vegan Diets and the Risk of Hip Fracture in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Nutrition reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Vegetarian Dietary Patterns and Cardiometabolic Risk in People With or at High Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of a Whole-Food Plant-Based Diet on Periodontal Parameters in Patients With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Secondary Sub-Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2025Trial
- Does a Plant-Based Diet Stand Out for Its Favorable Composition for Heart Health? Dietary Intake Data from a Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Associations between White Meat-Only and Vegetarian Diets with Mortality from All Causes, Heart Diseases, Cancers, and Stroke in the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study-II.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- Contribution of Vicine, Convicine, and New Derivatives to the Bitter Off-Taste of Fava Bean Proteins.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2026Article
- Association of mainly vegetarian and vegan diets with loneliness, social isolation and social withdrawal in a German population survey.PloS one · 2026Article
- Review
- Not All Plants Are Equal: Diet Quality and Inflammation in Vegans and Vegetarians in Urban Poland.Nutrients · 2025Article
- The influence of vegetarian and omnivorous diet quality on metabolic profiles and cardiovascular risk.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Therapeutic and Preventive Potential of Plant-Derived Antioxidant Nutraceuticals.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Effect of a Vegan Diet on the Health Indicators and Outcomes of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Current diabetes reviews · 2025Review
- Pharmacotherapy, Lifestyle Modification, and Cardiac Rehabilitation after Myocardial Infarction or Percutaneous Intervention.US cardiology · 2025Review
- Vegetarian dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors and disease prevention: An umbrella review of systematic reviews.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2024Review
- The role of ultra-processed foods in plant-based diets: associations with human health and environmental sustainability.European journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Vegetarian Diet Reduced Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in a Nationwide Longitudinal Survey in Taiwan.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Effect of long-term inorganic nitrate administration on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in ovariectomized rats.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Myocardial infarct size is reduced by nitrite and nitrate administration: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies.EXCLI journal · 2024Review
- Exploring Benefits and Barriers of Plant-Based Diets: Health, Environmental Impact, Food Accessibility and Acceptability.Nutrients · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo summarize the association between vegetarian versus non-vegetarian diet on mortality due to ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, or all-cause mortality.
methodsWe searched PubMed, Cochrane databases, and ClinicalTrials.Gov from the inception of the databases to October 2019 with no language restriction. Randomized controlled trials or prospective observational studies comparing the association between vegetarian versus non-vegetarian diets among adults and reporting major adverse cardiovascular outcomes were selected. We used Paule-Mandel estimator for tau2 with Hartung-Knapp adjustment for random effects model to estimate risk ratio [RR] with 95% confidence interval [CI].The primary outcome of interest was all-cause mortality. The secondary outcome was ischemic heart disease mortality.
resultsEight observational studies (
conclusionA vegetarian diet, compared with a non-vegetarian diet, was associated with a reduced risk of ischemic heart disease mortality, whereas it had no effect on all-cause and cerebrovascular mortality. However, the results are to be considered with caution considering the low certainty of evidence. Despite recent studies supporting no restriction on animal protein intake gaining wide media attention and public traction, consideration for vegetarianism amongst those with risk factors for coronary artery disease should be contemplated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.