ReviewJOR spine2021
Paraspinal muscle pathophysiology associated with low back pain and spine degenerative disorders.
Review in JOR spine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07024095 ("Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Pulmonary Function, Functional Capacity, and Quality of Life After Percutaneous Vertebroplasty in Individuals With Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture"), which is not on this map. Cited by 94 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
"Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Pulmonary Function, Functional Capacity, and Quality of Life After Percutaneous Vertebroplasty in Individuals With Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture"
Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of paraspinal muscle morphology or composition with sagittal spinopelvic alignment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Spine muscle auto segmentation techniques in MRI imaging: a systematic review.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of different positions of lumbar traction on pain, function, and range of motion in adults with non-specific low back pain: a randomized clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- The effect of lumbar stabilization and stretching exercises on pain, disability, and characteristics of the lumbar paraspinal muscles in chronic nonspecific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Trial
- Comparative Impact of Kinesio Taping and Post-Isometric Muscle Relaxation on Pain and Myofascial Mechanics in Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Trial
- Postoperative early initiation of sequential exercise program in preventing persistent spinal pain syndrome type-2 after modified transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a prospective randomized controlled trial.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Trial
- Effects of Virtual Reality Exercises versus Isokinetic Exercises in comparison with Conventional Exercises on the Imaging Findings and Inflammatory Biomarker Changes in Soccer Players with Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- PVMQ score: a novel imaging parameter for indicating lumbar degeneration and prognosis in patients with L4/5 degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Sarcopenic obesity is associated with more severe functional impairment and lumbar degeneration in patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Spinal Muscle Health in Chronic Low Back Pain: An Integrated Narrative Review of Muscle Quality, Function, and Clinical Implications.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Fat matters: paraspinal muscle quality is associated with electromyographic fatigability and endurance in lumbar spinal stenosis.North American Spine Society journal · 2026Article
- Impact of Paraspinal Muscle Characteristics on the Risk of Symptomatic Epidural Hematoma Following Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion.Global spine journal · 2026Article
- Effects of lumbar disc injury and nociception on trunk motor control during rat locomotion.Experimental brain research · 2026Article
- Reduced paraspinal muscle endurance and electromyographic fatigability are associated with greater global spinal imbalance in symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Extrapedicular approach for basivertebral nerve radiofrequency ablation: a conceptual review.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Review
- Tissue-specific body composition changes and muscle performance decline: a 5-year prospective study.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2026Article
- Clinical significance and future applications of standardized imaging parameters for assessing paraspinal muscle fatty infiltration in lumbar degenerative disease: a narrative review.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Review
- Altered myogenic and lipid metabolism gene expression in paraspinal muscles of patients with adult spinal deformity who develop proximal junctional failure.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Paravertebral muscle quality and adjacent facet joint degeneration as significant predictors of ASDis revision after lumbar fusion.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- Association Between Degeneration of the Paraspinal Muscles and Nerve Root Compression in Lumbar Disc Herniation Patients Who Underwent Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy.Orthopaedic surgery · 2026Article
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Low back pain disorders affect more than 80% of adults in their lifetime and are the leading cause of global disability. The muscles attaching to the spine (ie, paraspinal muscles) are critical for proper spine health and play a crucial role in the functioning of the spine and whole body; however, reports of muscle dysfunction and insufficiency in chronic LBP (CLBP) patients are common. This article presents a review of the current understanding of the relationship between paraspinal muscle pathophysiology and spine-related disorders. Human literature demonstrates a clear association between altered muscle structure/function, most notably fatty infiltration and fibrosis, and low back pain disorders; other associations, including muscle cell atrophy and fiber type changes, are less clear. Animal literature then provides some mechanistic insight into the complex relationships, including initiating factors and time courses, between the spine and spine muscles under pathological conditions. It is apparent that spine pathology can directly lead to changes in the paraspinal muscle structure, function, and biology. It also appears that changes to the muscle structure and function can directly lead to changes in the spine (eg, deformity); however, this relationship is less well studied. Future work must focus on providing insight into possible mechanisms that regulate spine and paraspinal muscle health, as well as probing how muscle degeneration/dysfunction might be an initiating factor in the progression of spine pathology.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.