ReviewNature reviews. Rheumatology2021
Targeting interferon-γ in hyperinflammation: opportunities and challenges.
Review in Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 139 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of neopterin in rheumatic diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of 2-year cocoa extract supplementation on inflammaging biomarkers in older US adults: findings from the COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study randomised clinical trial.Age and ageing · 2025Trial
- A randomized clinical trial of the impact of melatonin on influenza vaccine: Outcomes from the melatonin and vaccine response immunity and chronobiology study (MAVRICS).Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Trial
- Prediction of Survival by IL-6 in a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Anakinra in COVID-19 Cytokine Storm.Viruses · 2023Trial
- The effects of IFNγ on tissue physiology through structural cells.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- The value of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9) in the differential diagnosis and management of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.British journal of haematology · 2026Article
- Beyond the Storm: CXCL9 and the New Era of Precision Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Diagnostics.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Adeno-Associated Virus Gene Therapy for Spinal Muscular Atrophy Induces Hepatotoxicity via Cytokine and Macrophage Activation.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026Article
- Elevated nil values in TB-IGRA: a potential diagnostic clue for pediatric histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis.Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2026Article
- Thrombaxane-B2 as a predictor marker of atrial fibrillation.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026Article
- Identification of a metabolic-immune crosstalk in Still's disease: monocyte/macrophage-derived immunometabolite itaconate dictates hepatic immunopathology via the CXCL10-CD8 T cell axis.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- GPX4-dependent ferroptosis governs ILC2 homeostasis and colitis progression.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Emapalumab use in malignancy-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in the United States: the REAL-HLH study.Blood advances · 2026Article
- CXCL9 as a novel prognostic marker to identify high-risk adults with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.Blood · 2026Article
- Ultrastructural Features, Immune Response, and Junctional Proteins in the Seminiferous Epithelium of SARS-CoV-2-Infected Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The many faces of cytokine storm syndrome: immunopathogenic mechanisms and clinical implications for a better patient management.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Review
- Clinical experience with emapalumab treatment in a group of children with primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Hydrogel-Mediated Fibroblast Reprogramming Restores Intestinal Function in Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Cytokine profiles and laboratory parameters as indicators to distinguish children with PFAPA and bacterial infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Interferon-γ (IFNγ) is a pleiotropic cytokine with multiple effects on the inflammatory response and on innate and adaptive immunity. Overproduction of IFNγ underlies several, potentially fatal, hyperinflammatory or immune-mediated diseases. Several data from animal models and/or from translational research in patients point to a role of IFNγ in hyperinflammatory diseases, such as primary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, various forms of secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, including macrophage activation syndrome, and cytokine release syndrome, all of which are often managed by rheumatologists or in consultation with rheumatologists. Given the effects of IFNγ on B cells and T follicular helper cells, a role for IFNγ in systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis is emerging. To improve our understanding of the role of IFNγ in human disease, IFNγ-related biomarkers that are relevant for the management of hyperinflammatory diseases are progressively being identified and studied, especially because circulating levels of IFNγ do not always reflect its overproduction in tissue. These biomarkers include STAT1 (specifically the phosphorylated form), neopterin and the chemokine CXCL9. IFNγ-neutralizing agents have shown efficacy in the treatment of primary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in clinical trials and initial promising results have been obtained in various forms of secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, including macrophage activation syndrome. In clinical practice, there is a growing body of evidence supporting the usefulness of circulating CXCL9 levels as a biomarker reflecting IFNγ production.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.