Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34611172›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

Machine learning-guided acyl-ACP reductase engineering for improved in vivo fatty alcohol production.

Jonathan C Greenhalgh, Sarah A Fahlberg, Brian F Pfleger, Philip A Romero

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed
6.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 100 citations in OpenAlex.

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  10. Biophysics-based protein language models for protein engineering.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Jonathan C GreenhalghDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Sarah A FahlbergDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Brian F PflegerDepartment of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. brian.pfleger@wisc.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-9232-9959
Philip A RomeroDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. promero2@wisc.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-2586-7263
University of Wisconsin–Madison · US

Funding

BIOTECHNOLOGY TRAINING PROGRAMT32GM008349 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI FOX, BRIAN G · 1989 to 2019
$22.5M
Data-driven analysis of protein structure, function, and regulationR35GM119854 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI ROMERO, PHILIP ANTHONY · 2016 to 2020
$1.9M
NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM119854NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008349
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alcohol-forming fatty acyl reductases (FARs) catalyze the reduction of thioesters to alcohols and are key enzymes for microbial production of fatty alcohols. Many metabolic engineering strategies utilize FARs to produce fatty alcohols from intracellular acyl-CoA and acyl-ACP pools; however, enzyme activity, especially on acyl-ACPs, remains a significant bottleneck to high-flux production. Here, we engineer FARs with enhanced activity on acyl-ACP substrates by implementing a machine learning (ML)-driven approach to iteratively search the protein fitness landscape. Over the course of ten design-test-learn rounds, we engineer enzymes that produce over twofold more fatty alcohols than the starting natural sequences. We characterize the top sequence and show that it has an enhanced catalytic rate on palmitoyl-ACP. Finally, we analyze the sequence-function data to identify features, like the net charge near the substrate-binding site, that correlate with in vivo activity. This work demonstrates the power of ML to navigate the fitness landscape of traditionally difficult-to-engineer proteins.

Indexed as

Machine LearningAldehyde OxidoreductasesFatty AlcoholsMetabolic EngineeringAldehyde OxidoreductasesFatty Alcohols

Identifiers

PMID34611172
PMCPMC8492656
OpenAlexW3204042087

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.