Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34611003›Full record

ArticleSaudi medical journal2021

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 mortality in Saudi Arabia.

Rawabi M Alsayer, Hassan M Alsharif, Abeer M Al Baadani, Kiran A Kalam

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Saudi medical journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 21% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Aging and lung diseases: Unraveling mechanisms and therapeutic targets.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Rawabi M AlsayerFrom the Scientific Research Center (Alsayer); from the Department of Infectious Disease (Al Baadani, Kalam), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, and from the Department of Intensive Care (Alsharif), King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Hassan M AlsharifFrom the Scientific Research Center (Alsayer); from the Department of Infectious Disease (Al Baadani, Kalam), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, and from the Department of Intensive Care (Alsharif), King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Abeer M Al BaadaniFrom the Scientific Research Center (Alsayer); from the Department of Infectious Disease (Al Baadani, Kalam), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, and from the Department of Intensive Care (Alsharif), King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Kiran A KalamFrom the Scientific Research Center (Alsayer); from the Department of Infectious Disease (Al Baadani, Kalam), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, and from the Department of Intensive Care (Alsharif), King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Global Health Research Center of Central Asia · KZ

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics for 224 of in-hospital coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality cases. This study's clinical implications provide insight into the significant death indicators among COVID-19 patients and the outbreak burden on the healthcare system in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

methodsA multi-center retrospective cross-sectional study conducted among all COVID-19 mortality cases admitted to 15 Armed Forces hospitals across KSA, from March to July 2020. Demographic data, clinical presentations, laboratory investigations, and complications of COVID-19 mortality cases were collected and analyzed.

resultsThe mean age was 69.66±14.68 years, and 142 (63.4%) of the cases were male. Overall, 30% of the COVID-19 mortalities occurred in the first 24 hours of hospital admission, while 50% occurred on day 10. The most prevalent comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (DM, 73.7%), followed by hypertension (HTN, 69.6%). Logistic regression for risk factors in all mortality cases revealed that direct mortality cases from COVID-19 were more likely to develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (odds ratio [OR]: 1.75, confidence intervel [CI: 0.89-3.43];

conclusionAging, male gender and the high prevalence of the underlying diseases such as, DM and HTN were a significant death indicators among COVID-19 mortality cases in KSA. Increases in serum ferritin, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and D-dimer levels can be used as indicators of disease progression.

Indexed as

COVID-19AgedAged, 80 and overCross-Sectional StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesSARS-CoV-2Saudi ArabiaCoronavirusCOVID-19epidemiologymortalitySARS-CoV-2Saudi Arabia

Identifiers

PMID34611003
PMCPMC9129245
OpenAlexW3203785934

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.