ArticleLupus science & medicine2021
Insight into intraindividual variability across neuropsychological tests and its association with cognitive dysfunction in patients with lupus.
Article in Lupus science & medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intraindividual cognitive function course over time in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.RMD open · 2025Article
- Improvement in gait velocity variability after cerebrospinal fluid elimination and its relationship to clinical symptoms in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2024Article
- Systemic lupus erythematosus phenotypes formed from machine learning with a specific focus on cognitive impairment.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveDispersion, or variability in an individual's performance across multiple tasks at a single assessment visit, has been associated with cognitive dysfunction (CD) in many neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. We aimed to compute a dispersion score using neuropsychological battery (NB) tests and determine its association with CD in patients with SLE.
methodsCD was defined as a z-score of ≤-1.5 on ≥2 domains of the NB. To compute a type of dispersion score known as the intraindividual SD (ISD), the SD of age-adjusted and sex-adjusted z-scores was calculated for each visit in each patient. To estimate the association between ISD and cognitive status (CD and non-CD), we used multilevel logistic regression, adjusting for clinically important covariates.
resultsA total of 301 adult patients with SLE completed the NB at baseline, 187 of whom were reassessed at 6 months and 189 at 12 months. CD was observed in 35.2% of patients at baseline, 27.8% at 6 months and 28.0% at 12 months. Prior to covariate adjustment, the mean ISD for non-CD was 1.10±0.31 compared with 1.50±0.70 for CD. After adjusting for ethnicity, education, employment, socioeconomic status and anxiety/depression, there was a statistically significant association between ISD and CD (OR for one-unit increase in ISD: 13.56, 95% CI 4.80 to 38.31; OR for 1/10th-unit increase in ISD: 1.30, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.44). Findings were valid across multiple sensitivity analyses.
conclusionThis is the first study to show that patients with SLE who were classified as having CD by the NB had more variability across the NB tests (ie, higher ISD score) compared with those who were not classified as having CD.
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