ArticleBMJ open2021
Adolescent time use and mental health: a cross-sectional, compositional analysis in the Millennium Cohort Study.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Digital engagement and adolescent wellbeing: insights from the UK millennium cohort study.European journal of public health · 2026Article
- 24-hour movement behaviors in association with academic performance in children and adolescents: cross-sectional compositional data analysis.Journal of activity, sedentary and sleep behaviors · 2026Article
- Adolescents' time-use and academic attainment: A longitudinal, compositional analysis in the Millennium Cohort Study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Research characteristics about the 24-h movement behaviors in children and adolescents: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between Time Spent on Social Media and Adolescent Cigarette, E-cigarette, and Dual Use: A Longitudinal Analysis of the UK Millennium Cohort Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- How Physical Exercise Reduces Problematic Mobile Phone Use in Adolescents: The Roles of Expression Suppression, Depression, Anxiety, and Resilience.Psychology research and behavior management · 2024Article
- The relationship between time spent on social media and adolescent alcohol use: a longitudinal analysis of the UK Millennium Cohort Study.European journal of public health · 2023Article
- The association between reallocations of time and health using compositional data analysis: a systematic scoping review with an interactive data exploration interface.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2023Article
- The Associations between 24-Hour Movement Behaviours and Quality of Life in Preschoolers: A Compositional Analysis of Cross-Sectional Data from 2018-2021.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Meeting 24-h movement guidelines: Prevalence, correlates, and associations with socioemotional behavior in Spanish minors.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2022Article
- Article
- Accelerometer-derived movement phenotypes and adolescent mental health in pediatric obesity: A causal machine-learning study.International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHPArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the association of 24-hour time-use compositions with mental health in a large, geographically diverse sample of UK adolescents.
designCross-sectional, secondary data analysis.
settingMillennium Cohort Study (sixth survey), a UK-based prospective birth cohort.
participantsData were available from 4642 adolescents aged 14 years. Analytical samples for weekday and weekend analyses were n=3485 and n=3468, respectively (45% boys, 85% white ethnicity). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome measures were the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ, socioemotional behaviour), Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ, depressive symptoms) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE, self-esteem). Behavioural exposure data were derived from 24-hour time-use diaries.
resultsOn weekdays, participants spent approximately 54% of their time in sleep, 3% in physical activity, 9% in school-related activities, 6% in hobbies, 11% using electronic media and 16% in domestic activities. Predicted differences in SDQ, MFQ and RSE were statistically significant for all models (weekday and weekend) that simulated the addition or removal of 15 min physical activity, with an increase in activity being associated with improved mental health and vice versa. Predicted differences in RSE were also significant for simulated changes in electronic media use; an increase in electronic media use was associated with reduced self-esteem.
conclusionSmall but consistent associations were observed between physical activity, electronic media use and selected markers of mental health. Findings support the delivery of physical activity interventions to promote mental health during adolescence, without the need to specifically target or protect time spent in other activities.
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