ArticleBMC ophthalmology2021
Macular perfusion normative data acquired with optical coherence tomography angiography in healthy four-year-old Caucasian children.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Age-Dependent Retinal Parameter Correlation Patterns on OCT and OCT Angiography in Children and Adults.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Mean human corneal diameter and palpebral fissure lengths as scales for forensic analysis of photographed faces: an analytical review.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Review
- Age-Related Differences in Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Parameters Between Healthy Children and Adults: A Comparative Analysis in a Caucasian Population.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- Normative Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Metrics of Macular Vessel Density and Foveal Avascular Zone in Healthy Children.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe purpose of this cross-sectional study involving healthy emmetropic four-year-old Caucasian children was to provide a macular perfusion normative database acquired with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). One eye of each examinee underwent OCTA imaging. The following parameters were analyzed using AngioTool Image J software: vessels area (VA), vessels density (VD), total number of junctions (TNJ), junctions density (JD), total vessel length (TVL), average vessel length (AVL), total number of endpoints (TNEP), lacunarity (L), vessel diameter index (VDI), tortuosity (T) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ). Average central macular thickness (CMT) and average central macular volume (CMV) were measured.
resultSixty-two eyes of 62 children of average age 50.4 ± 3.8 months were examined. VA, VD, and T increased from the inner towards the outer layers of the retina. The intermediate capillary plexus had the highest JD and TNEP and narrowest FAZ. Retinal sexual differentiation was supported with higher values of the retinal VA, VDI and TNEP, and chorioretinal VA, VDI and L in males. The choriocapillaris presented with the highest VD, AVL, and T and the lowest L and TNEP.
conclusionThe study provides the first detailed normative database of the macular vascular network in the youngest uniform cohort of emmetropic four-year-old children.
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