Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34610808›Full record

Observational studyBMC public health2021

The trajectory of COVID-19 pandemic and handwashing adherence: findings from 14 countries.

Zofia Szczuka, Charles Abraham, Adriana Baban, Sydney Brooks, Sabrina Cipolletta, Ebrima Danso, Stephan U Dombrowski, Yiqun Gan, Tania Gaspar, Margarida Gaspar de Matos and 20 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04367337 (Health Behavior Change During COVID-19 Pandemic), which is not on this map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04367337 completednot on this map

Health Behavior Change During COVID-19 Pandemic: the Focus on Handwashing

TypeobservationalSponsorUniversity of Social Sciences and Humanities, WarsawRan2020 to 2020Enrolled6,079ConditionsHealth BehaviorArmsNo intervention
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  20. Socioeconomic-Related Inequalities in COVID-19 Vulnerability in South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

30 authors.

Zofia SzczukaWroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 30b Ostrowskiego Street, PL-53-238, Wroclaw, Poland.
Charles AbrahamSchool of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
Adriana BabanDepartment of Psychology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Sydney BrooksFaculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada.
Sabrina CipollettaDepartment of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Ebrima DansoMedical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Serrekunda, Gambia.
Stephan U DombrowskiFaculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada.
Yiqun GanSchool of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Tania GasparInstitute of Environmental Health, Medical School, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Margarida Gaspar de MatosInstitute of Environmental Health, Medical School, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Konstadina GrivaLee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
Michelle JongenelisMelbourne Centre for Behaviour Change, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Jan KellerDepartment of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Nina KnollDepartment of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Jinjin MaSchool of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Mohammad Abdul Awal MiahPerdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland School of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Karen MorganPerdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland School of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
William PeraudDepartment of Psychology, INSERM 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
Bruno QuintardDepartment of Psychology, INSERM 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
Vishna ShahEnvironmental Health Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Konstantin SchenkelApplied Social and Health Psychology, University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Ageing", Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Urte ScholzApplied Social and Health Psychology, University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Ageing", Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Ralf SchwarzerDepartment of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Maria SiwaWroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 30b Ostrowskiego Street, PL-53-238, Wroclaw, Poland.
Kamil SzymanskiWroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 30b Ostrowskiego Street, PL-53-238, Wroclaw, Poland.
Diana TautDepartment of Psychology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Silvia C M TomainoDepartment of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Noa VilchinskyDepartment of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
Hodaya WolfDepartment of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
Aleksandra LuszczynskaWroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 30b Ostrowskiego Street, PL-53-238, Wroclaw, Poland. aluszczy@uccs.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected people's engagement in health behaviors, especially those that protect individuals from SARS-CoV-2 transmission, such as handwashing/sanitizing. This study investigated whether adherence to the World Health Organization's (WHO) handwashing guidelines (the outcome variable) was associated with the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic, as measured by the following 6 indicators: (i) the number of new cases of COVID-19 morbidity/mortality (a country-level mean calculated for the 14 days prior to data collection), (ii) total cases of COVID-19 morbidity/mortality accumulated since the onset of the pandemic, and (iii) changes in recent cases of COVID-19 morbidity/mortality (a difference between country-level COVID-19 morbidity/mortality in the previous 14 days compared to cases recorded 14-28 days earlier).

methodsThe observational study (#NCT04367337) enrolled 6064 adults residing in Australia, Canada, China, France, Gambia, Germany, Israel, Italy, Malaysia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Singapore, and Switzerland. Data on handwashing adherence across 8 situations (indicated in the WHO guidelines) were collected via an online survey (March-July 2020). Individual-level handwashing data were matched with the date- and country-specific values of the 6 indices of the trajectory of COVID-19 pandemic, obtained from the WHO daily reports.

resultsMultilevel regression models indicated a negative association between both accumulation of the total cases of COVID-19 morbidity (B = -.041, SE = .013, p = .013) and mortality (B = -.036, SE = .014 p = .002) and handwashing. Higher levels of total COVID-related morbidity and mortality were related to lower handwashing adherence. However, increases in recent cases of COVID-19 morbidity (B = .014, SE = .007, p = .035) and mortality (B = .022, SE = .009, p = .015) were associated with higher levels of handwashing adherence. Analyses controlled for participants' COVID-19-related situation (their exposure to information about handwashing, being a healthcare professional), sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age, marital status), and country-level variables (strictness of containment and health policies, human development index). The models explained 14-20% of the variance in handwashing adherence.

conclusionsTo better explain levels of protective behaviors such as handwashing, future research should account for indicators of the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic.

trial registrationClinical Trials.Gov, # NCT04367337.

Indexed as

COVID-19PandemicsGermanyHand DisinfectionHumansSARS-CoV-2COVID-19Cross-countryHand hygieneMorbidityMortalityPandemic

Identifiers

PMID34610808
PMCPMC8492037

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.