ArticleDevelopment (Cambridge, England)2021
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol inhibits Hedgehog-dependent patterning during development.
Article in Development (Cambridge, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- A cell-based Sonic Hedgehog signaling transduction system to identify additive and synergistic chemical interactions.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Article
- The Role of the Hedgehog Pathway in Alcohol-Induced Birth Defects.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Recent advances in the diagnosis and molecular pathogenesis of holoprosencephaly: a review.Journal of applied genetics · 2025Article
- Cannabidiol exerts teratogenic effects on developing zebrafish through the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Efcab7 deletion sensitizes mice to the teratogenic effects of gastrulation-stage alcohol exposure.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- The emerging roles of Hedgehog signaling in tumor immune microenvironment.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Cannabidiol impairs neural tube closure in mouse whole embryo culture.Birth defects research · 2022Article
- Anti-Cancer Activity ofCancers · 2022Review
- Concepts in Multifactorial Etiology of Developmental Disorders: Gene-Gene and Gene-Environment Interactions in Holoprosencephaly.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Many developmental disorders are thought to arise from an interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors. The Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway regulates myriad developmental processes, and pathway inhibition is associated with birth defects, including holoprosencephaly (HPE). Cannabinoids are HH pathway inhibitors, but little is known of their effects on HH-dependent processes in mammalian embryos, and their mechanism of action is unclear. We report that the psychoactive cannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) induces two hallmark HH loss-of-function phenotypes (HPE and ventral neural tube patterning defects) in Cdon mutant mice, which have a subthreshold deficit in HH signaling. THC therefore acts as a 'conditional teratogen', dependent on a complementary but insufficient genetic insult. In vitro findings indicate that THC is a direct inhibitor of the essential HH signal transducer smoothened. The canonical THC receptor, cannabinoid receptor-type 1, is not required for THC to inhibit HH signaling. Cannabis consumption during pregnancy may contribute to a combination of risk factors underlying specific developmental disorders. These findings therefore have significant public health relevance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.